Effects of soil texture and grassland management on soil organic C and N and rates of C and N mineralization

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1221-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J HASSINK
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N Mineralization ◽  
C And N

scholarly journals Impact of Poultry Litter Cake, Cleanout, and Bedding following Chemical Amendments on Soil C and N Mineralization

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter B. Watts ◽  
Katy E. Smith ◽  
H. A. Torbert
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
N Availability ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C And N Mineralization ◽  
C And N

Poultry litter is a great alternative N source for crop production. However, recent poultry litter management changes, and increased chemical amendment use may impact its N availability. Thus, research was initiated to evaluate the effect that broiler cake and total cleanout litter amended with chemical additives have on C and N mineralization. A 35-day incubation study was carried out on a Hartsells fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults) soil common to the USA Appalachian Plateau region. Three poultry litter components (broiler cake, total cleanout, and bedding material) from a broiler house were evaluated and compared to a soil control. Chemical amendments lime (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4), aluminum sulfate (AlSO4), and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) were added to the poultry litter components to determine their impact on C and N mineralization. Litter component additions increased soil C mineralization in the order of broiler cake > total cleanout > bedding > soil control. Although a greater concentration of organic C was observed in the bedding, broiler cake mineralized the most C, which can be attributed to differences in the C : N ratio between treatments. Chemical amendment in addition to the manured soil also impacted C mineralization, with AlSO4generally decreasing mineralization. Nitrogen mineralization was also significantly affected by poultry litter component applications. Broiler cake addition increased N availability followed by total cleanout compared to soil control, while the bedding resulted in net N immobilization. Chemical amendments impacted N mineralization primarily in the broiler cake amended soil where all chemical amendments decreased mineralization compared to the no chemical amendment treatment. This short-term study (35-day incubation) indicates that N availability to crops may be different depending on the poultry litter component used for fertilization and chemical amendment use which could decrease N mineralization.

scholarly journals Implications of carbon saturation model structures for simulated nitrogen mineralization dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6725-6738 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. White ◽  
A. R. Kemanian ◽  
J. P. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
C And N ◽  
Model Structures

Abstract. Carbon (C) saturation theory suggests that soils have a limited capacity to stabilize organic C and that this capacity may be regulated by intrinsic soil properties such as clay concentration and mineralogy. While C saturation theory has advanced our ability to predict soil C stabilization, few biogeochemical ecosystem models have incorporated C saturation mechanisms. In biogeochemical models, C and nitrogen (N) cycling are tightly coupled, with C decomposition and respiration driving N mineralization. Thus, changing model structures from non-saturation to C saturation dynamics can change simulated N dynamics. In this study, we used C saturation models from the literature and of our own design to compare how different methods of modeling C saturation affected simulated N mineralization dynamics. Specifically, we tested (i) how modeling C saturation by regulating either the transfer efficiency (ε, g C retained g−1 C respired) or transfer rate (k) of C to stabilized pools affected N mineralization dynamics, (ii) how inclusion of an explicit microbial pool through which C and N must pass affected N mineralization dynamics, and (iii) whether using ε to implement C saturation in a model results in soil texture controls on N mineralization that are similar to those currently included in widely used non-saturating C and N models. Models were parameterized so that they rendered the same C balance. We found that when C saturation is modeled using ε, the critical C : N ratio for N mineralization from decomposing plant residues (rcr) increases as C saturation of a soil increases. When C saturation is modeled using k, however, rcr is not affected by the C saturation of a soil. Inclusion of an explicit microbial pool in the model structure was necessary to capture short-term N immobilization–mineralization turnover dynamics during decomposition of low N residues. Finally, modeling C saturation by regulating ε led to similar soil texture controls on N mineralization as a widely used non-saturating model, suggesting that C saturation may be a fundamental mechanism that can explain N mineralization patterns across soil texture gradients. These findings indicate that a coupled C and N model that includes saturation can (1) represent short-term N mineralization by including a microbial pool and (2) express the effects of texture on N turnover as an emergent property.

Evaluation of carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates in meadow soils from dairy farms under transit to biological cropping systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sibih ◽  
A. N’Dayegamiye ◽  
A. Karam
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Low Input ◽  
First Order ◽  
C And N Mineralization ◽  
C And N

Mineralized soil N from meadow soils will become an important source of N to following crops in low-input biological cropping systems. The C and N mineralization rates of soils from 34 sites situated on dairy farms recently converted to biological cropping systems were evaluated in a 56-wk incubation at 25° C. Data on C and N mineralization were fitted to first-order kinetic models. Carbon and N generally presented similar patterns of mineralization. Total mineralized N (Nm) ranged between 88 and 235 mg N kg-1 soil, which represented 6.6 to 22% of total N. Carbon mineralization (Cm) rate was between 11 and 17 times greater than N mineralization (1523–2638 mg C kg-1 soil ) and C mineralized represented 9 to 19% of soil organic C. The rate constant was between 0.05 and 0.123 wk-1 for C (kC) and ranged from 0.032 to 0.088 wk-1 for N (kN). The half-life for C (TC0) and for N (TN0) varied, respectively, between 5.6 and 13.3 wk and between 15 and 28 wk. Results show that about 80% of total mineralized C and N were mineralized during the first 25 wk of incubation, corresponding to the mineralizable fraction of soil organic matter (OM). Data on C and N mineralization have been adjusted using a bicompartmental model (active and recalcitrant pools), which corresponded, respectively, to first-order and exponential equations. Total mineralizable C and N (Cm and Nm), and the C and N rate constants (kC and kN) were strongly related, whereas the rate constants of the recalcitrant pools (hc and hN) were negatively related to these parameters. This suggests that C and N mineralizable pools were independent of the humified stable OM (recalcitrant pool). Carbon and N mineralization parameters were positively related to the soil clay and silt contents, but inversely to the sand levels. This study indicates that when ploughed, meadow soils contain large mineralizable N pools, which could sustain following crops with N nutrition in low-input biological cropping systems. Key words: Meadow soils, C and N mineralization rates, low-input systems, dairy farms, soil particles sizes

Labile organic C and N mineralization of soil aggregate size classes in semiarid grasslands as affected by grazing management

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghui Wu ◽  
Martin Wiesmeier ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Markus Steffens ◽  
Xinguo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
C And N Mineralization ◽  
C And N

Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soil amended with non-tabletized and tabletized poultry manure

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Paré ◽  
H. Dinel ◽  
M. Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
C And N Mineralization ◽  
C And N

The recycling of poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) manure (PM) needs to be done in a manner that will not only improve soil physical, chemical and biological properties but also minimize environmental risks. Untreated PM is more difficult to handle and more expensive to apply than granular fertilizers; the application of PM in the form of tablets may be a suitable alternative. It is necessary to determine whether C and N mineralization in tabletized PM (T-PM) differs from non-tabletized PM (NT-PM). Net C and N mineralization from a Brandon loam soil (Typic Endoaquoll) amended with NT-PM and T-PM, were measured in an incubation study at 25 °C. After 60 d of incubation, about 62 and 77% of total PM carbon was mineralized in NT-PM and T-PM amended soils, respectively. Carbon mineralization was not stimulated by the addition of PM tablets containing NPK to soil, while in soils mixed with NT-PM + NPK, soil respiration was reduced. Net N mineralization was similar in soils amended with T-PM and NT-PM, although changes in ammonium (NH4+–N) concentrations during incubation differed. Generally more NH4+–N accumulated in soil amended with T-PM and T-PM + NPK than with NT-PM and NT-PM + NPK The concentrations of nitrate (NO3−–N) did not differ in soils amended with T-PM and NT-PM, indicating a reduction in nitrification and NH4+–N accumulation in soils amended with PM tablets. Key words: Poultry manure, tablets, carbon mineralization, nitrogen mineralization, organic fertilizer

scholarly journals Enzymatic activity and mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in soil cultivated with coffee and green manures

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elcio Liborio Balota ◽  
Julio César Dias Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
C And N Mineralization ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
C And N ◽  
Coffee Plants

There are great concerns about degradation of agricultural soils. It has been suggested that cultivating different plant species intercropped with coffee plants can increase microbial diversity and enhance soil sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate enzyme activity (urease, arylsulfatase and phosphatase) and alterations in C and N mineralization rates as related to different legume cover crops planted between rows of coffee plants. Soil samples were collected in a field experiment conducted for 10 years in a sandy soil in the North of Paraná State, Brazil. Samples were collected from the 0-10 cm layer, both from under the tree canopy and in-between rows in the following treatments: control, Leucaena leucocephala, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria breviflora, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna deeringiana, Arachis hypogaea and Vigna unguiculata. The soil was sampled in four stages of legume cover crops: pre-planting (September), after planting (November), flowering stage (February) and after plant residue incorporation (April), from 1997 to 1999. The green manure species influenced soil enzyme activity (urease, arylsulfatase and phosphatase) and C and N mineralization rates, both under the tree canopy and in-between rows. Cultivation of Leucaena leucocephala increased acid phosphatase and arilsulfatase activity and C and N mineralization both under the tree canopy and in-between rows. Intercropped L. leucocephala increased urease activity under the tree canopy while C. breviflora increased urease activity in-between rows.

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