Reduction of mutagenicity of municipal wastewaters by land treatment

Abstract The suitability of reverse osmosis as a renovation technique for the treatment of municipal wastewaters has been assessed. Cellulose acetate membranes capable of 70% and 90% NaCl rejections were employed in both laboratory and pilot plant studies to evaluate the efficiency of this technique in removing the residual precipitant chemicals generally employed in phosphorus removal programs (iron chloride, alum, and lime) and the nutrients (phosphates, nitrates and ammonia) characteristic of municipal wastewaters. Secondary sewage and raw sewage as well as prepared nutrient solutions were employed in the course of this program. Both laboratory and pilot plant studies indicated consistently outstanding removal efficiencies for the species examined, almost independent of the nature of the waste solutions being treated. Permeation of the purified effluent was subject to significant reductions due to membrane fouling. This characteristic was most pronounced for the more permeable (less selective) membranes. Routine chemical and physical cleanings enable satisfactory flux levels to be maintained, thereby suggesting that reverse osmosis may become a viable municipal waste treatment technique.

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Wet-Weather Flow Management in the Great Lakes Areas of Concern

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2004.045 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 319-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sandra Kok

Keyword(s):

Great Lakes ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Flow Management ◽

Beneficial Uses ◽

Wet Weather ◽

Areas Of Concern ◽

Municipal Wastewaters ◽

Wet Weather Flow ◽

The Government ◽

Government Of Canada

Abstract Under the Government of Canada's Great Lakes Program, the Great Lakes Sustainability Fund and its predecessor programs (the Great Lakes Cleanup Fund and the Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund) were established to implement cleanup actions and strategies that would contribute to the restoration of beneficial uses in environmentally degraded areas (known as Areas of Concern) in the Great Lakes basin. The Great Lakes Sustainability Fund is administered by Environment Canada on behalf of eight Government of Canada departments. Contributing to impaired beneficial uses are municipal wastewaters generated from the urban centres in the Great Lakes Areas of Concern. These municipal wastewaters include treated sewage and wetweather discharges of combined sewer overflows and stormwater runoff. This paper provides an overview of the Municipal Wastewater Program of the federal government's Great Lakes Sustainability Fund and highlights the progress made to date under the program towards wet-weather flow management and the Program's role in developing and demonstrating sustainable approaches and technologies in the Great Lakes Areas of Concern.

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Site Selection, Current Design and Management Practices for Land Treatment Units of Petroleum Wastes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0372 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 83-91

Author(s):

D. C. P. Casarini ◽

E. Gloeden ◽

R. C. de A. Cunha

Keyword(s):

Site Selection ◽

Management Practices ◽

Design Management ◽

Hazardous Waste Management ◽

Land Treatment ◽

Management Technology ◽

Current Design ◽

Treatment Facilities ◽

Petroleum Refineries ◽

Selection Of

Land treatment is defined as the hazardous waste management technology related to application and incorporation of waste into the defined treatment zone of the soil where will occur the degradation, transformation and immobilization of the constituents contained in the applied waste, to ensure protection of surface water and groundwater. This paper describes some criteria for site selection of land treatment facilities used by petroleum refineries, as well as the engineering design, management practices to optimize the process and closure and post-closure techniques.

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Land Treatment of Winery Wastewaters: A Case Study of Irrigated Arid Zones

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1987.0023 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 1243-1246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. V. Bertranou ◽

G. Fasciolo ◽

C. Gomez ◽

M. Jauregui ◽

O. Velez

Keyword(s):

Arid Zones ◽

Land Treatment

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Sources and transport of phosphorus in the Vltava river basin (Czech Republic)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0497 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (4-5) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Josef Hejzlar ◽

Vojtech Vyhnálek ◽

Jirí Kopácek ◽

Jirí Duras

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Population Density ◽

Atmospheric Deposition ◽

River Basin ◽

Point Sources ◽

Diffuse Sources ◽

River Elbe ◽

Municipal Wastewaters ◽

Total P

Export and sources of P in the Vltava basin (subbasin of upper Elbe: total area – 28,093 km2; population density – 115 km−2; forests – 35%, farmland – 51%) were evaluated during 1972–1993. Annual export rates of total P from the basin to the river Elbe ranged between 38 and 68 kg km−2 a−1. Reservoirs with hydraulic retention times longer than 15 days were efficient traps for phosphorus retaining 20 to 30% of total P loading into the watercourses. Point sources (municipal wastewaters) were most important throughout the period and their share varied from approximately 60% in wet years to more than 90% in dry years. Export from diffuse sources (dominated by output from farmland) was highly dependent on discharge and fluctuaded between 5 and 40 kg km−2 a−1 in dry and wet years, respectively. Only about 2% of the P input into the basin from the fertilisation of farmland and from the atmospheric deposition was exported to the watercourses.

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