Sources and transport of phosphorus in the Vltava river basin (Czech Republic)

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Hejzlar ◽  
Vojtech Vyhnálek ◽  
Jirí Kopácek ◽  
Jirí Duras
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
Municipal Wastewaters ◽  
Total P

Export and sources of P in the Vltava basin (subbasin of upper Elbe: total area – 28,093 km2; population density – 115 km−2; forests – 35%, farmland – 51%) were evaluated during 1972–1993. Annual export rates of total P from the basin to the river Elbe ranged between 38 and 68 kg km−2 a−1. Reservoirs with hydraulic retention times longer than 15 days were efficient traps for phosphorus retaining 20 to 30% of total P loading into the watercourses. Point sources (municipal wastewaters) were most important throughout the period and their share varied from approximately 60% in wet years to more than 90% in dry years. Export from diffuse sources (dominated by output from farmland) was highly dependent on discharge and fluctuaded between 5 and 40 kg km−2 a−1 in dry and wet years, respectively. Only about 2% of the P input into the basin from the fertilisation of farmland and from the atmospheric deposition was exported to the watercourses.

Diffuse nutrient losses in Denmark

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kronvang ◽  
P. Græsbøll ◽  
S. E. Larsen ◽  
L. M Svendsen ◽  
H. E. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Total N ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Total P

Since 1989, nutrient loading of the Danish aquatic environment has been monitored in 270 Danish streams draining catchment areas differing in climate, physico-geographic and land usage. Diffuse nutrient loading from non-point sources (mainly agricultural) is now the main cause of eutrophication of the Danish aquatic environment; thus in 1993, diffuse sources accounted for 94% of riverine nitrogen loading and 52% of riverine phosphorus loading. Annual riverine total nitrogen (total-N) loading from diffuse sources during the period 1989-93 was on average 10 times greater in 66 small agricultural catchments (median 23.4 kg N ha−1) than in 9 natural catchments (median 2.2 kg N ha−1). Correspondingly, annual riverine total phosphorus (total-P) loading from diffuse sources was on average 3.5 times greater in the agricultural catchments (0.29 kg P ha−1) than in the natural catchments (0.07 kg P ha−1). The annual total-N and total-P load was found to increase with the proportion of agricultural land in the catchments. In 1993, intensive measurements of phosphorus load in 8 agricultural catchments showed that normal point sampling (fortnightly) underestimates annual total-P loading by a median of 37% as compared to that estimated by frequent sampling. Moreover, estimates of monthly total-P loading are even more biased, especially in late summer and early autumn (−50% to −65%).

Biomonitoring and assessment of heavy metal contamination of streams and reservoirs in the Dyje/Thaya river basin, Czech Republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Žáková ◽  
E. Kočková
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Water Bloom ◽  
Substantial Part

Monitoring of heavy metal content (Pb, Hg, Cd) in biomass of water plants (algae, mosses, macrophytes) and sediments had been carried out in the Dyje/Thaya River basin during 1992-1994. Heavy metal content was investigated in all the more abundant species or groups of plants in 14 localities along the entire Dyje/Thaya River. High heavy metal concentrations were also measured in sediments and in algal water bloom (Cyanophyta) in Vranov and Nové Mlýny Reservoirs. A substantial part of lead, mercury and cadmium contamination in the Dyje/Thaya River basin has its origin in the non-point sources of pollution such as atmospheric deposition, application in agriculture of mineral fertilisers containing trace elements, preservation of cereal grains before planting with mercury agent until 1990, etc. Despite the fact that atmospheric deposition of lead from traffic emissions has been decreasing, in 1992-1994 it represented probably the largest source of lead in the Dyje/Thaya River basin.

Pressures and impact analysis in the Dnipro river basin within Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Osadcha ◽  
Yurii Nabyvanets ◽  
Volodimir Osadchyi ◽  
Olha Ukhan ◽  
Valeriy Osypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Diffuse Sources

<p>The third largest European river Dnipro covers 48% of Ukraine’s territory. An analysis of the main anthropogenic pressures in the Dnipro Basin was first performed according to the requirements of EU WFD.</p><p>Surface water pollution by organic substances and nutrients is principally attributed with point sources, among which the municipal wastewaters play the dominant role. The main load by organic substances and nutrients is caused by the wastewater discharges of big cities with Population Equivalent >100 000; 89% of such cities are located within the sub-basins of Middle Dnipro and Lower Dnipro. </p><p>Point sources form 33% of nitrogen and 61% of phosphorus loads in the Dnipro Basin. Diffuse sources related to agricultural production cause incoming of 29% of nitrogen and 36% of phosphorus. Phosphorus is transported to the water bodies mainly with erosion particles. </p><p>Natural conditions in the River Basin are one of the reasons of nitrogen load significant share (33%). Humus compounds and nitrogen compounds enter into water bodies due to the high bogginess of the Dnipro Basin upper part, especially the Prypiaty Basin. This leads to winter and summer anoxia in the rivers and upper reservoirs and creates prerequisites for eutrophication of the Dnipro cascade reservoirs. Rivers of the Prypiaty sub-basin, Upper Dnipro, and Desna sub-basins are extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution by nutrients and organic substances that generates the increased background of organic compounds and nitrogen in the Dnipro reservoirs cascade. </p><p>The load of the Dnipro Basin surface water by hazardous substances (especially synthetic) still remains insufficiently studied. Currently, information is only available regarding load by heavy metals included to the list of priority substances and some other ones. Water pollution by metals is noted mostly in the Lower Dnipro sub-basin where the most of the metallurgical enterprises are located. </p><p>The high application of pesticides (> 3 kg/ha) in 4 administrative Rayons leads to the appearance of risk conditions for pollution of xenobiotics in 50 surface water bodies (SWBs). </p><p>The Dnipro reservoirs cascade serves as a powerful geochemical barrier causing heavy metals and pesticides deposition in bottom sediments. The highest pollution by metals is noted in the sediments of the Dnipro reservoirs that receive the metallurgy enterprises wastewaters. Probability of significant secondary remobilization is foremost noted for Cadmium. Organochloride pesticides content in the bottom sediments is 2 to 5 times lower than maximal allowable concentration in soil. </p><p>Water abstraction volume is around 22% of the annual flow of 95% probability. The natural flow of the Dnipro is regulated by 6 large reservoirs. Besides, there are 1072 dams and other cross-sectional artificial installations. Natural morphology changes are observed in a large number of rivers within the Dnipro Basin. </p><p>It was found that 56% of the Dnipro Basin SWBs are at risk of failing the “good” ecological status.</p><p>Hydromorphological alterations cause the main anthropogenic pressure in the Dnipro Basin (concerning 45% of the SWBs). Risks from diffuse sources and point sources are observed in 23% and 5% of SWBs, respectively.</p>

Nutrient emissions from diffuse and point sources into the River Danube and its main tributaries for the period of 1998–2000 – results and problems

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schreiber ◽  
H. Behrendt ◽  
L.T. Constantinescu ◽  
I. Cvitanic ◽  
D. Drumea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Nutrient Emissions ◽  
Danube River Basin

Nutrient emissions by point and diffuse sources were estimated for 388 sub-catchments of the Danube river basin for the period 1998–2000 by means of the Model MONERIS. For nitrogen total emissions of 684 kt/a N were estimated for the Danube basin. 80% of these emissions were caused by diffuse sources (mainly groundwater, urban areas and tile drainage). For phosphorus the emission was 57 kt/a P, with a contribution of diffuse sources to this sum of 58%. The comparison of calculated and observed loads shows that the mean deviation for the investigated sub-catchments of the Danube river basin is 20% for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and 34% for phosphorus. The spatial resolution of the emission calculations allows the identification of regional hot spots and the derivation of specific regional measures to reduce the emissions into the Danube and consequently into the Western Black Sea.

scholarly journals Localized Water Quality Improvement in the Choptank Estuary, a Tributary of Chesapeake Bay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Fisher ◽  
Rebecca J. Fox ◽  
Anne B. Gustafson ◽  
Erika Koontz ◽  
Michelle Lepori-Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
The Usa

AbstractChesapeake Bay has a long history of nutrient pollution resulting in degraded water quality. However, we report improvements in chlorophyll a in surface waters and dissolved oxygen in bottom waters at one of three estuarine stations in the Choptank tributary of Chesapeake Bay. We updated a previous nutrient budget for the estuary constructed for reference year 1998 using rates of atmospheric deposition, inputs of watershed diffuse sources (primarily agriculture), and discharges of point sources (primarily human waste) for reference year 2017. Parallel trends suggest that improvements in water quality at the one station were likely due to 20% reductions in direct atmospheric deposition on the estuary’s surface and 78–95% reductions in wastewater N and P due to installation of tertiary treatment. The agricultural sector, the dominant source of N and P, appeared to provide little contribution to improved water quality during this period. Although efforts to reduce nutrient losses from agriculture are common throughout the Choptank basin, widespread reductions from agricultural diffuse sources could make large contributions to improved water quality at all stations in the estuary. The response in the Choptank is similar to those observed elsewhere in the USA, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand due to improved wastewater treatment. Similar to our findings, the upper Potomac River of Chesapeake Bay saw improvements driven by reductions in atmospheric deposition. Unfortunately, few studies elsewhere have shown improvements in water quality due to agricultural management. The data presented here indicate that public and industrial investments in reductions of atmospheric emissions and upgrades to wastewater treatment plants have improved estuarine water quality in the Choptank.

Organochlorine Contaminants in Headwater Peatlands, and Selected Estuary Sites of the Moose River

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. McCrea ◽  
Greg M. Wickware
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Coastal Marshes ◽  
Surficial Sediments ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants ◽  
Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers ◽  
Moose River

Abstract Peatland waters of the Moose River basin, as well as surficial sediments and vascular plants of the estuary were sampled in 1982. Elevated levels of PCBs were found at all five peatland sites; concentrations ranged from 28 to 65 ng/L. Of the seventeen organochlorine pesticides investigated, the hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (a-and y-BHC) were the most prominent with total BHC concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 13.7 ng/L. The presence of these contaminants in ombrotrophic bogs indicated that there was atmospheric deposition of organochlorine contaminants in the basin. Analyses of surficial sediments, collected from tidal flats and coastal marshes, showed that PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were not present. Samples of Triglochin maritima L. seed heads and Typha latifolia L. roots were also free of PCBs.

Nitrogen and phosphorus in the Vistula River, Poland -- changes from source to mouth

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Sundblad ◽  
Andrzej Tonderski ◽  
Jacek Rulewski
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
South Central

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration data representing samples collected once a month for nine months at 13 locations along the Vistula River are considered in a preliminary discussion of the sources of the nutrients transported to the Baltic Sea. Concentrations in relation to flow data indicated substantial differences between subbasins. Based on those differences, on the area-specific nutrient loss for a six-month period and on the wastewater discharge in each subbasin, four regions could be recognized in the river basin: i) the southern region with a large impact of point sources, ii) the south central region, where diffuse sources seemed to be of major importance, iii) the north central region with a combined effect of point and diffuse sources, and retention in two reservoirs, iv) the northern region where point sources seemed to be the dominating source, at least for phosphorus. Our results illustrate the importance of differences in phosphorus retention between the basins. Long-term retention along the course of the river, particularly in the two reservoirs, must be estimated to allow proper source apportionment in the Vistula basin. Concentration decreases in the Wloclawek Reservoir varied between 44 and 68% for P, and 11 to 37% for N, in the months with significant retention. In some months, however, concentrations increased, indicating a release of nutrients.

scholarly journals Correlating elements content in mosses collected in 2015 across Germany with spatially associated characteristics of sampling sites and their surroundings

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Nickel ◽  
Winfried Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Tree Layer

Abstract Background The aim of the study was a statistical evaluation of the statistical relevance of potentially explanatory variables (atmospheric deposition, meteorology, geology, soil, topography, sampling, vegetation structure, land-use density, population density, potential emission sources) correlated with the content of 12 heavy metals and nitrogen in mosses collected from 400 sites across Germany in 2015. Beyond correlation analysis, regression analysis was performed using two methods: random forest regression and multiple linear regression in connection with commonality analysis. Results The strongest predictor for the content of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and N in mosses was the sampled species. In 2015, the atmospheric deposition showed a lower predictive power compared to earlier campaigns. The mean precipitation (2013–2015) is a significant factor influencing the content of Cd, Pb and Zn in moss samples. Altitude (Cu, Hg and Ni) and slope (Cd) are the strongest topographical predictors. With regard to 14 vegetation structure measures studied, the distance to adjacent tree stands is the strongest predictor (Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, N), followed by the tree layer height (Cd, Hg, Pb, N), the leaf area index (Cd, N, Zn), and finally the coverage of the tree layer (Ni, Cd, Hg). For forests, the spatial density in radii 100–300 km predominates as significant predictors for Cu, Hg, Ni and N. For the urban areas, there are element-specific different radii between 25 and 300 km (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, N) and for agricultural areas usually radii between 50 and 300 km, in which the respective land use is correlated with the element contents. The population density in the 50 and 100 km radius is a variable with high explanatory power for all elements except Hg and N. Conclusions For Europe-wide analyses, the population density and the proportion of different land-use classes up to 300 km around the moss sampling sites are recommended.

scholarly journals Reptile diversity of Sinos River Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Fernanda Moser ◽  
Fernanda Rodrigues de Avila ◽  
Roberto Baptista de Oliveira ◽  
Juliano Morales de Oliveira ◽  
Márcio Borges-Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Human Population Density ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Scientific Collections

Abstract This work aimed to catalog the species of reptiles of the Sinos River Basin based on records from scientific collections and data collected in the field. We recorded 65 species, including 46 snakes, nine lizards, five turtles, four amphisbaenians and one caiman. Snakes composed most of the recorded specimens (91.3%), and the three most representative are venomous and of medical importance. The most urban region of the basin (Lowland) has the highest number of records. This fact may be a reflection of the high human population density in this region, which would have favored the encounter of specimens and their sending to scientific collections and research centers. It is worth highlighting that most species with few specimens in the collections are also rarely observed in the wild, such as Clelia hussani and Urostrophus vautieri. This observation makes it feasible that these populations are small or that they are declining.

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