State of Knowledge of the Use of Sorption Technologies for Nutrient Recovery from Municipal Wastewaters

The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of nutrient use in three cactus forage (CF) cultivars (Opuntia stricta and Nopalea cochenillifera), 365 days after planting under different types of fertilizer in two research sites (Condado and Riachão) of the semi-arid region of Paraiba state, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with treatments in a factorial scheme (3×4), three cultivars of CF (Orelha de elefante Mexicana; Miúda; Bahiana), and four fertilizer treatment (Control; Manure; Manure with Nitrogen; Mineral fertilization) with four replications. The CF cultivars did not differ significantly in nutrient use. That means of physiological efficiency by CF cultivars were 1.62, and 2.36 kg of biomass per kg of nutrient applied in Condado and Riachão, respectively. The efficiency of nutrient recovery was 16% for the Condado, according the following order: K> P> Ca> N> C = Mg and 12% for Riachão: K> P> N> C = Ca = Mg. In the two research sites, the treatment with mineral fertilization significantly increased the efficiency use of N, P and K in comparison to the other treatments. The average for efficiency of nutrient utilization was 25% and 19% for Condado and Riachão, respectively, in the following order for Condado: K> P> N> Ca = Mg> C, and Riachão: K> P> N> C> Mg = Ca. In a CF production system aiming to obtain a yearly harvest cycle, it is necessary to replenish of K and P to maintain the nutritional balance between the soil and CF plant.

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Removal of Residual Nutrients and Chemical Additives From Secondary Sewage by Reverse osmosis

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1975.012 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 101-109

Author(s):

H. Kirk Johnston ◽

H.S. Lim

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Membrane Fouling ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Iron Chloride ◽

Treatment Technique ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽

Municipal Wastewaters ◽

Nutrient Solutions

Abstract The suitability of reverse osmosis as a renovation technique for the treatment of municipal wastewaters has been assessed. Cellulose acetate membranes capable of 70% and 90% NaCl rejections were employed in both laboratory and pilot plant studies to evaluate the efficiency of this technique in removing the residual precipitant chemicals generally employed in phosphorus removal programs (iron chloride, alum, and lime) and the nutrients (phosphates, nitrates and ammonia) characteristic of municipal wastewaters. Secondary sewage and raw sewage as well as prepared nutrient solutions were employed in the course of this program. Both laboratory and pilot plant studies indicated consistently outstanding removal efficiencies for the species examined, almost independent of the nature of the waste solutions being treated. Permeation of the purified effluent was subject to significant reductions due to membrane fouling. This characteristic was most pronounced for the more permeable (less selective) membranes. Routine chemical and physical cleanings enable satisfactory flux levels to be maintained, thereby suggesting that reverse osmosis may become a viable municipal waste treatment technique.

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Wet-Weather Flow Management in the Great Lakes Areas of Concern

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2004.045 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 319-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sandra Kok

Keyword(s):

Great Lakes ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Flow Management ◽

Beneficial Uses ◽

Wet Weather ◽

Areas Of Concern ◽

Municipal Wastewaters ◽

Wet Weather Flow ◽

The Government ◽

Government Of Canada

Abstract Under the Government of Canada's Great Lakes Program, the Great Lakes Sustainability Fund and its predecessor programs (the Great Lakes Cleanup Fund and the Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund) were established to implement cleanup actions and strategies that would contribute to the restoration of beneficial uses in environmentally degraded areas (known as Areas of Concern) in the Great Lakes basin. The Great Lakes Sustainability Fund is administered by Environment Canada on behalf of eight Government of Canada departments. Contributing to impaired beneficial uses are municipal wastewaters generated from the urban centres in the Great Lakes Areas of Concern. These municipal wastewaters include treated sewage and wetweather discharges of combined sewer overflows and stormwater runoff. This paper provides an overview of the Municipal Wastewater Program of the federal government's Great Lakes Sustainability Fund and highlights the progress made to date under the program towards wet-weather flow management and the Program's role in developing and demonstrating sustainable approaches and technologies in the Great Lakes Areas of Concern.

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Sources and transport of phosphorus in the Vltava river basin (Czech Republic)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0497 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (4-5) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Josef Hejzlar ◽

Vojtech Vyhnálek ◽

Jirí Kopácek ◽

Jirí Duras

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Population Density ◽

Atmospheric Deposition ◽

River Basin ◽

Point Sources ◽

Diffuse Sources ◽

River Elbe ◽

Municipal Wastewaters ◽

Total P

Export and sources of P in the Vltava basin (subbasin of upper Elbe: total area – 28,093 km2; population density – 115 km−2; forests – 35%, farmland – 51%) were evaluated during 1972–1993. Annual export rates of total P from the basin to the river Elbe ranged between 38 and 68 kg km−2 a−1. Reservoirs with hydraulic retention times longer than 15 days were efficient traps for phosphorus retaining 20 to 30% of total P loading into the watercourses. Point sources (municipal wastewaters) were most important throughout the period and their share varied from approximately 60% in wet years to more than 90% in dry years. Export from diffuse sources (dominated by output from farmland) was highly dependent on discharge and fluctuaded between 5 and 40 kg km−2 a−1 in dry and wet years, respectively. Only about 2% of the P input into the basin from the fertilisation of farmland and from the atmospheric deposition was exported to the watercourses.

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