Optical Properties of Crystalline Lactose Fluidized with Dilutions of Various Substances in the Terahertz Frequency Range

Lactose is a commonly used component of pharmaceutical medications in tablet form. It was previously shown that lactose changes conformationally after saturation in fluidized beds with active pharmaceutical ingredients obtained by repeated dilution of antibodies to interferon-gamma in combination with an external intensive vibration treatment. Moreover, it was revealed that these solutions are self-organized dispersed systems in which nano-objects are formed. Their biological activity and mechanism of action were previously established as well. The current work was dedicated to investigating the optical properties of fluidized lactose powders in the terahertz frequency range. Spectral analyses of powders of crystalline lactose saturated in fluidized beds with a diluted solution of either glycine buffer, antibodies to interferon-gamma, or water were carried out, intact lactose served as a control. All powders were tableted before testing. In the course of the study, the macroscopic parameters of the tablets were established, at which they had a stable shape and their THz optical properties had no parasitic diffraction losses. These tablets were analyzed using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the frequency range of 0.2–2.6 THz. The differentiation between the spectra was conducted using a principal component analysis. The differences between intact lactose and the lactose saturated with any of studied solutions were demonstrated. Additionally, lactose saturated with solutions of multiple dilutions of a substance (antibodies or glycine buffer) differed not only from intact lactose, but also from lactose saturated with a diluted solution of water. Moreover, discrimination of lactose formulations saturated with different substances (antibodies or glycine buffer) was also possible. Additionally, intact lactose differed from lactose saturated with diluted water. The methods reported could be useful for the quality control of the medications based on the technology of repeated dilution of an original substance.

Complexes of Transition Metals with Petroleum Porphyrin Ligands: Preparation and Evaluation of Catalytic Ability

In the present work, the first data on the catalytic activity of d-metal complexes of petroleum porphyrins obtained via two-stage re-metallization (acid demetallization with subsequent metalation) of high-purity petroleum vanadyl porphyrins are presented. During acid demetallization of petroleum vanadyl porphyrins, the highest yield (49%) and spectral purity of free petroporphyrin bases were achieved with concentrated sulfuric acid and a diluted solution of vanadyl porphyrins in chloroform. In the series of divalent cations of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, only the last four metals are complexed with demetallated petroporphyrins without significant changes in their component composition, whereas the interaction with Mn and Fe cations causes an evident structural transformation or even full degradation of petroporphyrin macrocycles, respectively. The composition and spectral purity of petroleum porphyrin-containing reactants and products were analyzed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR, and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopic methods. The obtained petroporphyrin-based d-metal complexes were assayed by the reaction of 2-mercaptoethanol oxidative dimerization, in which the copper porphyrins exhibited the highest catalytic activity.

The effect of a humic preparation on apple seedlings

Under the conditions of a field experiment the effect of the humic preparation BIO-Don on the growth of apple seedlings of the Vishnevaya variety was studied. The humic preparation was used in the form of a diluted solution in various ways: with irrigation water under the root of the plant, spraying on the leaf, and a combination of application to the soil with foliar treatment. The results have shown that in the first month after treatment, there is a noticeable advance in plant growth in all variants with the humic preparation, however, a statistically significant increase in growth was noted only in the variant with leaf treatment. The greatest increase in the thickness of the trunk was observed in the variant with a combination of the first two methods (application to the soil + foliar treatment). Keywords: HUMIC PREPARATION, APPLE SEEDLINGS, CALCIC CHERNOZEM, NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS

Stability of Compounded Digoxin Solution 0.05 mg/mL for Injection

Background: In 2015, commercial pediatric digoxin injection 0.05 mg/mL was discontinued, leaving only one adult concentration (0.25 mg/mL) for injection on the Canadian market. No published studies have documented the chemical stability over a long period of time of a diluted solution of digoxin for injection. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the chemical stability of 2 digoxin injection formulations 0.05 mg/mL diluted in 2 vehicles stored at 5°C or a 25°C. Methods: The compounded solution of digoxin 0.05 mg/mL for injection was prepared with digoxin 0.25 mg/mL after dilution in 2 different vehicles, normal saline, and a compounding of the commercial vehicle. Half of the compounding products were stored in 2 mL transparent glass vials at 25°C and the other half at 5°C. Chemical stability was evaluated by HPLC–UV analysis on days 0, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 for each temperature conditions. In addition, samples were tested for organoleptic change, presence of particular matter as well as sterility. Results: For all tested preparations, the concentration of digoxin remained above 90.0% of the initial concentration throughout the 180-day study. Furthermore, no organoleptic change was observed; particulate matter assessment was in acceptable range; and sterility specifications were met. Conclusions: Digoxin 0.05 mg/mL obtained with a dilution of digoxin 0.25 mg/mL by normal saline or a copy of the commercial vehicle remained stable for at least 180 days at 5°C and 25°C.

Synthesis of a Benzothiadiazole-Based D−A Molecule with Aggregation-Induced Emission and Controlled Assembly Properties

An electron-donating−accepting (D−A) molecule, namely, 4-(1-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT-SCC) containing carbazole as the donor moiety and benzothiadiazole as the acceptor moiety is prepared. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis elucidated the multiple intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, CH…π, and π…π interplays. Interestingly, the aggregation-induced emission phenomenon is observed for BT-SCC featured with enhanced fluorescent quantum yield from diluted solution of CH2Cl2 (Φ = ca. 0.1) to CH2Cl2/hexane mixed solutions or solid states (Φ = ca. 0.8). Finally, aggregates of BT-SCC are obtained through precipitating from hot and saturated solutions or solvent-vapor methods and the aggregating morphologies could be easily controlled through different preparation methods. Fabulous cube-like micro-crystals and nanospherical structures are obtained, which is established by the synergistic effects of the multiple non-covalent interactions, endowing potential utility in the field of optoelectronic devices.

Study on the Manufacture and Feature of the Crushed Product of Acidic Treated Soybean Residue

Because soybean residue contains a large amount of carbohydrate, protein, fiber, fat and so on, people's interest on soybean residue is increasing day by day, in order to use soybean residue in various food industry research is carried out widely. In this, through the method of extracting water-soluble soybean polysaccharides in the soybean residue that it is rich and the method of destroying the structure of SR, the conditions of improving the physical properties of SR is determined and the research for testing its properties is done. Firstly, the method and experiment design for extract water-soluble soybean polysaccharides is determined scientifically. Secondly, in order to improve the physical properties of SR, the optimal method of solution and treatment to destroying the structure of SR is selected scientifically. Through various experiment is carried out, that the best solution to destroying the structure of SR is the diluted solution of HCl is determined scientifically. The optimal treatment condition to improve the physical properties of SR is 0.04M of hydrochloric acid concentration, 70? of temperature and 3 hours of time. The SR treated in this condition showed good powdering and the crushed products were very high in dispersion, emulsification stability and oil absorbed force.

J-Aggregates of meso- [2.2] Paracyclophanyl-BODIPY Dye for NIR-II Imaging

J-aggregation has been proved to be an efficient strategy for the development of fluorescent imaging agents in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) window. However, the design of NIR-II fluorescent J-aggregates is challenging due to the lack of suitable J-aggregation dyes. Herein, we report meso-[2.2]paracyclophanyl-3,5-bis-N,N-dimethylaminostyrl BODIPY (PCP-BDP2) as the first example of BODIPY dye with J-aggregation induced NIR-II fluorescence. PCP-BDP2 shows emission maximum at 795 nm in diluted solution and NIR-II emission at 1010 nm in the J-aggregation state. Mechanism studies reveal that the steric and conjugation effect of the PCP group on the BODIPY core plays key roles in the J-aggregation behavior and NIR-II fluorescence tuning. Notably, NIR-II emissive J-aggregates of PCP-BDP2 can be efficiently stabilized in the assembled nanoparticle. Taking advantage of high quantum yield and good photo-/chemo-stability, J-aggregates of PCP-BDP2 show high-resolution and long-term in vivo NIR-II imaging ability. Furthermore, J-aggregates of PCP-BDP2 can be utilized for lymph node imaging and fluorescence-guided surgery in the nude mouse, which demonstrates their potential clinical application. This study not only demonstrates BODIPY dye as a new J-aggregation platform for developing NIR-II imaging agents but also encourages further exploration on J-aggregation induced NIR-II emission of the other conventional organic dyes.

Multicomponent Synthesis of Luminescent Iminoboronates

A family of iminoboronates was prepared through a one-pot multicomponent reaction, starting from boronic acid, anthranilic acid, and different salicylaldehydes. Their synthesis was straightforward and the complexes were obtained in good to excellent yields. Their photophysical properties were assessed in a diluted solution, and the complexes proved to be faintly luminescent. These chelates demonstrated remarkable Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement, which was rationalized using crystal structures.