Quantitative analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia during heart rate fluctuations

1995 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Ikuo Isogai ◽  
Shigeru Kageyama ◽  
Kazuo Aihara ◽  
Yukihide Isogai ◽  
Fusao Katoh
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Heart Rate Fluctuations

scholarly journals QUANTIFICATION OF RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA WITH HIGH-FRAMERATE ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-861
Author(s):  
Christoph Hoog Antink ◽  
Steffen Leonhardt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, the variation in the heart rate synchronized with the breathing cycle, forms an interconnection between cardiac-related and respiratory-related signals. It can be used by itself for diagnostic purposes, or by exploiting the redundancies it creates, for example by extracting respiratory rate from an electrocardiogram (ECG). To perform quantitative analysis and patient specific modeling, however, simultaneous information about ventilation as well as cardiac activity needs to be recorded and analyzed. The recent advent of medically approved Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) devices capable of recording up to 50 frames per second facilitates the application of this technology. This paper presents the automated selection of a cardiac-related signal from EIT data and quantitative analysis of this signal. It is demonstrated that beat-to-beat intervals can be extracted with a median absolute error below 20 ms. A comparison between ECG and EIT data shows a variation in peak delay time that requires further analysis. Finally, the known coupling of heart rate variability and tidal volume can be shown and quantified using global impedance as a surrogate for tidal volume.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a frequency dependent phenomenon

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Angelone ◽  
Norman A. Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Amplitude Analysis ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
Rate Fluctuation ◽  
Heart Rate Fluctuations

An examination of respiratory sinus arrhythmia is presented. Sinusoidal breathing was varied over a wide frequency range and the amplitude and phase of the accompanying fluctuations of heart rate were observed. These data show that heart rate is not necessarily in phase with respiration as previously described, but rather that the phase angle between heart rate fluctuations and respiration varies with frequency of breathing in a characteristic fashion. The usual descriptions of respiratory sinus arrhythmia are judged to be inadequate since they are shown to represent only a single point on the entire frequency response curve correlating breathing rate with sinus arrhythmia. heart rate fluctuation and respiratory frequency in man; frequency amplitude analysis of respiration-heart rate relationship; heart rate versus breathing: amplitude and phase angle; breathing-induced heart rate changes: phase angle; respiration-induced heart rate changes: phase angle respiratory sinus arrhythmia; respiration versus heart rate: amplitude and phase angle; sinus arrythmia and respiration: amplitude and phase angle Submitted on July 22, 1963

Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Healy ◽  
Aaron Treadwell ◽  
Mandy Reagan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Low Levels

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

Assessment of parasympathetic control of heart rate by a noninvasive method

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. H838-H842 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Fouad ◽  
R. C. Tarazi ◽  
C. M. Ferrario ◽  
S. Fighaly ◽  
C. Alicandri
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Separate Group ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Vagal Control ◽  
Parasympathetic Control ◽  
The Relationship

The degree of parasympathetic control of heart rate was assessed by the abolition of respiratory sinus arrhythmia with atropine. Peak-to-peak variations in heart periods (VHP) before atropine injection correlated significantly (r = 0.90, P less than 0.001) with parasympathetic control, indicating that VHP alone may be used as a noninvasive indicator of the parasympathetic control of heart rate. Pharmacologic blockade of beta-adrenergic supply in a separate group of normal volunteers did not alter the relationship between VHP and parasympathetic control, indicating that the condition of the experiment (complete rest in a quiet atmosphere) allows the use of VHP alone without pharmacologic interventions to characterize the vagal control of heart rate in humans.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in the denervated human heart

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1447-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bernardi ◽  
F. Keller ◽  
M. Sanders ◽  
P. S. Reddy ◽  
B. Griffith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Myocardial Wall ◽  
Analysis Technique

We performed this study to test whether the denervated human heart has the ability to manifest respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). With the use of a highly sensitive spectral analysis technique (cross correlation) to define beat-to-beat coupling between respiratory frequency and heart rate period (R-R) and hence RSA, we compared the effects of patterned breathing at defined respiratory frequency and tidal volumes (VT), Valsalva and Mueller maneuvers, single deep breaths, and unpatterned spontaneous breathing on RSA in 12 normal volunteers and 8 cardiac allograft transplant recipients. In normal subjects R-R changes closely followed changes in respiratory frequency (P less than 0.001) but were little affected by changes in VT. On the R-R spectrum, an oscillation peak synchronous with respiration was found in heart transplant patients. However, the average magnitude of the respiration-related oscillations was 1.7–7.9% that seen in normal subjects and was proportionally more influenced by changes in VT. Changes in R-R induced by Valsalva and Mueller maneuvers were 3.8 and 4.9% of those seen in normal subjects, respectively, whereas changes in R-R induced by single deep breaths were 14.3% of those seen in normal subjects. The magnitude of RSA was not related to time since the heart transplantation, neither was it related to patient age or sex. Thus the heart has the intrinsic ability to vary heart rate in synchrony with ventilation, consistent with the hypothesis that changes, or rate of changes, in myocardial wall stretch might alter intrinsic heart rate independent of autonomic tone.

scholarly journals A model-based analysis of autonomic nervous function in response to the Valsalva maneuver

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 1386-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Benjamin Randall ◽  
Anna Billeschou ◽  
Louise S. Brinth ◽  
Jesper Mehlsen ◽  
Mette S. Olufsen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Model Based Analysis

The Valsalva maneuver (VM) is a diagnostic protocol examining sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in patients with autonomic dysfunction (AD) impacting cardiovascular control. Because direct measurement of these signals is costly and invasive, AD is typically assessed indirectly by analyzing heart rate and blood pressure response patterns. This study introduces a mathematical model that can predict sympathetic and parasympathetic dynamics. Our model-based analysis includes two control mechanisms: respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and the baroreceptor reflex (baroreflex). The RSA submodel integrates an electrocardiogram-derived respiratory signal with intrathoracic pressure, and the baroreflex submodel differentiates aortic and carotid baroreceptor regions. Patient-specific afferent and efferent signals are determined for 34 control subjects and 5 AD patients, estimating parameters fitting the model output to heart rate data. Results show that inclusion of RSA and distinguishing aortic/carotid regions are necessary to model the heart rate response to the VM. Comparing control subjects to patients shows that RSA and baroreflex responses are significantly diminished. This study compares estimated parameter values from the model-based predictions to indices used in clinical practice. Three indices are computed to determine adrenergic function from the slope of the systolic blood pressure in phase II [ α (a new index)], the baroreceptor sensitivity ( β), and the Valsalva ratio ( γ). Results show that these indices can distinguish between normal and abnormal states, but model-based analysis is needed to differentiate pathological signals. In summary, the model simulates various VM responses and, by combining indices and model predictions, we study the pathologies for 5 AD patients. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We introduce a patient-specific model analyzing heart rate and blood pressure during a Valsalva maneuver (VM). The model predicts autonomic function incorporating the baroreflex and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) control mechanisms. We introduce a novel index ( α) characterizing sympathetic activity, which can distinguish control and abnormal patients. However, we assert that modeling and parameter estimation are necessary to explain pathologies. Finally, we show that aortic baroreceptors contribute significantly to the VM and RSA affects early VM.

Augmentation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in response to progressive hypercapnia in conscious dogs

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. H2336-H2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Yasuma ◽  
Jun-Ichiro Hayano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Arterial Blood

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may serve to enhance pulmonary gas exchange efficiency by matching pulmonary blood flow with lung volume within each respiratory cycle. We examined the hypothesis that RSA is augmented as an active physiological response to hypercapnia. We measured electrocardiograms and arterial blood pressure during progressive hypercapnia in conscious dogs that were prepared with a permanent tracheostomy and an implanted blood pressure telemetry unit. The intensity of RSA was assessed continuously as the amplitude of respiratory fluctuation of heart rate using complex demodulation. In a total of 39 runs of hypercapnia in 3 dogs, RSA increased by 38 and 43% of the control level when minute ventilation reached 10 and 15 l/min, respectively ( P < 0.0001 for both), and heart rate and mean arterial pressure showed no significant change. The increases in RSA were significant even after adjustment for the effects of increased tidal volume, respiratory rate, and respiratory fluctuation of arterial blood pressure ( P < 0.001). These observations indicate that increased RSA during hypercapnia is not the consequence of altered autonomic balance or respiratory patterns and support the hypothesis that RSA is augmented as an active physiological response to hypercapnia.

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