Fetal ethanol exposure diminishes hippocampal β-adrenergic receptor density while sparing muscarinic receptors during development

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B.E. Wigal ◽  
A. Amsel ◽  
R.E. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Fetal Ethanol

Left ventricular function and beta-adrenoceptors in rabbit failing heart

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. H634-H641 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gilson ◽  
N. el Houda Bouanani ◽  
A. Corsin ◽  
B. Crozatier
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptors ◽  
Chronotropic Response

Few models of heart failure (HF) are available for physiological and pharmacological studies. We report here a model of pressure plus volume overload induced in rabbits in which left ventricular (LV) function was studied in the conscious state after instrumentation of the animals with LV pressure catheter and ultrasonic crystals measuring LV diameter. Beta-Adrenoceptors were studied on crude membranes obtained from control (C) and HF rabbits using [3H]CGP 12177. LV weights and end-diastolic diameters were significantly increased in the HF group compared with the C group (by 79 and 38%, respectively). The percentage of diameter systolic shortening was decreased, in the control state, in rabbits with HF (15.3 +/- 1.6%) as compared with C rabbits (29.6 +/- 2.5%) and remained lower in the HF group when end-systolic pressures were matched. Chronotropic response to isoproterenol injection was significantly decreased in rabbits with HF compared with that of C rabbits. Beta-Adrenergic receptor density was decreased in rabbits with HF (39.3 +/- 3.7 fmol/mg) compared with C rabbits (56.7 +/- 4.2 fmol/mg) without affinity changes. This model of chronic HF thus produces a marked hypertrophy with ventricular dilatation and a depression of LV function within 2 mo, factors that are associated with a reduced cardiac responsiveness to catecholamines and a decreased ventricular beta-adrenergic receptor density.

scholarly journals Role of zinc insufficiency in fetal alveolar macrophage dysfunction and RSV exacerbation associated with fetal ethanol exposure

Alcohol ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juna Konomi Johnson ◽  
Frank L. Harris ◽  
Xiao-Du Ping ◽  
Theresa W. Gauthier ◽  
Lou Ann S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Macrophage Dysfunction ◽  
Fetal Ethanol

Increased alpha 1-adrenergic vascular sensitivity during development of hypertension in conscious dogs

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. H1259-H1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Uemura ◽  
D. E. Vatner ◽  
Y. T. Shen ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
S. F. Vatner
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vascular Responsiveness

The goal of this study was to determine whether enhanced vascular responsiveness during the development of perinephritic hypertension is selective or nonspecific. The effects of graded infusions of norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE), angiotensin II (ANG II), and vasopressin (VP) were examined on mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and aortic pressure-diameter relationships in conscious dogs. NE increased TPR significantly greater (P < 0.01) in hypertension than normotension, as did PE infusion, whereas ANG II and VP increased TPR similarly before and after hypertension. Analysis of aortic pressure-diameter relationships also demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) shifts in response to NE and PE, but not ANG II and VP, during the development of hypertension. In normotensive dogs, low doses of ANG II infusion also enhanced the vasoconstrictor response not only to NE and PE but also to VP. In contrast to what was observed in hypertension, in the presence of ANG II infusion after ganglionic blockade, enhanced responses to PE and NE were no longer observed. The alpha 1-adrenergic receptor density in membrane preparations from aortic tissue, as determined by [3H]prazosin binding, was higher (P < 0.05) in hypertensive dogs than control dogs. Thus the vascular responsiveness in the aorta and resistance vessels is enhanced to alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation, but not to all vasoconstrictors, during developing perinephritic hypertension. The mechanism appears to involve increased alpha 1-adrenergic receptor density.

Mechanisms of denervation supersensitivity in regionally denervated canine hearts

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. H815-H820 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Warner ◽  
P. L. Wisler ◽  
T. D. Hodges ◽  
A. M. Watanabe ◽  
D. P. Zipes
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Denervation Supersensitivity ◽  
Stimulatory G Protein ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Gs Alpha

Mechanisms responsible for “denervation supersensitivity” in regionally denervated canine hearts were examined by measuring beta-adrenergic receptor density and affinity and the density of the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gs alpha). Sympathetic denervation was produced by applying an epicardial strip of phenol midway between the left ventricular (LV) base and apex. Six to eight days after denervation, dogs were anesthetized and then underwent functional studies (n = 4) or hearts were excised for biochemical analyses (n = 6). Biochemical studies were also done on 3 nondenervated hearts. Effective refractory periods (ERPs) were measured in innervated (base) and denervated (apex) LV myocardium. During sympathetic stimulation (2 and 4 Hz), the ERP shortened more (P < 0.05) at basal than at apical sites, whereas during norepinephrine infusion (0.05 to 0.5 mg.kg-1 x min-1), the ERP shortened more (P < 0.001) at apical than at basal sites. In regionally denervated hearts, however, the density and affinity of beta-adrenergic receptors did not differ significantly (P > 0.2) in nondenervated basal compared with denervated apical myocardium. Quantitative immunoblotting of the Gs alpha demonstrated that the density of the 47- and 52-kDa subunits was also similar (P > 0.6) in basal compared with apical myocardium from regionally denervated hearts. In addition, beta-adrenergic receptor density and affinity and Gs alpha density did not differ significantly (P > 0.5) in basal compared with apical myocardium from nondenervated control hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Characterization of cardiopulmonary function and cardiac muscarinic and adrenergic receptor density adaptation in C57BL/6 mice with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 133 (06) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. ROCHA ◽  
S. GARCIA ◽  
L. E. D. GIMÉNEZ ◽  
C. C. Q. HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
J. F. V. SENRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Function ◽  
Cruzi Infection

scholarly journals Thyroid-hormone modulation of the number of β-adrenergic receptors in rat fat-cell membranes

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Giudicelli
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Hormone Modulation ◽  
Β Adrenergic Receptors

Adipocytes from thyroidectomized rats contain 3 times less [3H]dihydroalprenolol-binding sites (beta-adrenergic receptors) than adipocytes from euthyroid animals. This alteration is not solely due to cell-size differences, but also to a thyroidectomy-induced defect in beta-adrenergic receptor density per adipocyte surface area, a defect that is furthermore corrected by tri-iodothyronine treatment.

Epidermal growth factor upregulates β-adrenergic receptor signaling in a human salivary cell line

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (5) ◽  
pp. C1164-C1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ko Yeh ◽  
Tazuko K. Hymer ◽  
April L. Sousa ◽  
Bin-Xian Zhang ◽  
Meyer D. Lifschitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase Activity ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase System ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Salivary Cell

The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the β-adrenergic receptor-coupled adenylyl cyclase system were studied in a human salivary cell line (HSY). The β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (10−5 M) stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity by ∼2-fold, and the isoproterenol response was increased 1.8-fold after prolonged (48 h) exposure to EGF (5 × 10−10 M). In contrast, enzyme activation via stimulatory prostaglandin receptors and by agents acting on nonreceptor components of the adenylyl cyclase system was not enhanced by EGF. β-Adrenergic receptor density, assessed by binding of the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist (−)-[125I]iodopindolol, was increased threefold after EGF treatment. Competition binding studies with unlabeled antagonists selective for β1- and β2-adrenergic receptor subtypes indicated that the increase in (−)-[125I]iodopindolol binding sites induced by EGF reflected an increased number of β2-adrenergic receptors. Likewise, Northern blot analysis of RNA from EGF-treated cells revealed selective induction of β2-adrenergic receptor mRNA, which was blocked by the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D. The increase in β-adrenergic receptor density produced by EGF was unaltered after phorbol ester-induced downregulation of protein kinase C (PKC). Enhancement of isoproterenol-responsive adenylyl cyclase activity and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by EGF were both blocked by the MAPK pathway inhibitor PD-98059. The results suggest that in HSY cells EGF enhances β-adrenergic responsiveness by upregulating β2-adrenergic receptor expression at the transcriptional level. Moreover, the stimulatory effect of EGF on β2-adrenergic receptor signaling appears to be mediated by the MAPK pathway and independent of PKC activation.

Effect of age and hypoxia on beta-adrenergic receptors in rat heart

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2094-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Mader ◽  
C. L. Downing ◽  
E. Van Lunteren
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Age Related

Previous reports suggest that hypoxia downregulates cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors from young rats. Because aging alters response to stress, we hypothesized an age-related alteration in the response to hypoxia. Male Fischer-344 rats, aged 3 and 20 mo, were divided into control and hypoxic groups. The hypoxic rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (0.5 atm) for 3 wk. After hypoxic exposure, body weight decreased, hematocrit increased, right ventricular weight increased, and left ventricular weight decreased in all animals. beta-Adrenergic receptor density declined after hypoxic exposure in the young but not in the older animals, a change that was confined to the left ventricle. beta-Adrenergic receptor density in the right ventricle was significantly lower in the older animals than in the young animals. Plasma catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine) drawn after the animals were killed (stress levels) decreased in young rats and increased in old rats after the exposure to hypoxia. Hypoxia is a useful physiological stress that elucidates age-related changes in cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor and catecholamine regulation that have not previously been described.

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