A hexagonal uranium calorimeter for measuring electromagnetic showers at the CERN ISR

1984 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Carosi ◽  
A. Di Ciaccio ◽  
C.W. Fabjan ◽  
H. Gordon ◽  
M. Harris ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Buhmann ◽  
Sascha Diefenbacher ◽  
Engin Eren ◽  
Frank Gaede ◽  
Gregor Kasieczka ◽  
...  

AbstractAccurate simulation of physical processes is crucial for the success of modern particle physics. However, simulating the development and interaction of particle showers with calorimeter detectors is a time consuming process and drives the computing needs of large experiments at the LHC and future colliders. Recently, generative machine learning models based on deep neural networks have shown promise in speeding up this task by several orders of magnitude. We investigate the use of a new architecture—the Bounded Information Bottleneck Autoencoder—for modelling electromagnetic showers in the central region of the Silicon-Tungsten calorimeter of the proposed International Large Detector. Combined with a novel second post-processing network, this approach achieves an accurate simulation of differential distributions including for the first time the shape of the minimum-ionizing-particle peak compared to a full Geant4 simulation for a high-granularity calorimeter with 27k simulated channels. The results are validated by comparing to established architectures. Our results further strengthen the case of using generative networks for fast simulation and demonstrate that physically relevant differential distributions can be described with high accuracy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 02002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Papaevangelou ◽  
Daniel Desforge ◽  
Esther Ferrer-Ribas ◽  
Ioannis Giomataris ◽  
Cyprien Godinot ◽  
...  

The current state of the art in fast timing resolution for existing experiments is of the order of 100 ps on the time of arrival of both charged particles and electromagnetic showers. Current R&D on charged particle timing is approaching the level of 10 ps but is not primarily directed at sustained performance at high rates and under high radiation (as would be needed for HL-LHC pileup mitigation). We demonstrate aMicromegas based solution to reach this level of performance. The Micromegas acts as a photomultiplier coupled to a Cerenkovradiator front window, which produces sufficient UV photons to convert the ∼100 ps single-photoelectron jitter into a timing response of the order of 10-20 ps per incident charged particle. A prototype has been built in order to demonstrate this performance. The first laboratory tests with a pico-second laser have shown a time resolution of the order of 27 ps for ∼50 primary photoelectrons, using a bulk Micromegas readout.


2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz ◽  
Andrés Romero-Wolf ◽  
Enrique Zas

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S369-S372 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matano ◽  
M. Nagano ◽  
S. Shibata ◽  
K. Suga ◽  
G. Tanahashi ◽  
...  

We have been observing horizontal air showers to study the high-energy interactions of muons. Nine horizontal air showers of size greater than 104 and zenith angle above 70° were observed. Two of these showers showed evidence that they are not pure electromagnetic showers but nucleonic showers. One shower contained a nuclear-active particle which produced a nuclear interaction in the cloud chamber, and the other shower contained a muon which penetrated about 103 g cm−2 of iron absorber. The size distribution of the horizontal showers was compared with the calculated one assuming that the nuclear interaction of high-energy muons was negligible. The discrepancy between the experimental distribution and the calculated one is reduced if the nuclear interaction of high-energy muons is taken into account, which supports our view that the horizontal air showers (at least some fraction of them) are produced by nuclear interactions of high-energy muons.


1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (4B) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bacci ◽  
R Bernabei ◽  
F Ceradini ◽  
S d'Angelo ◽  
F Lacava ◽  
...  

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