Carbon and nitrogen in arable soils as affected by supply of N fertilizers and organic manures

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Persson ◽  
Holger Kirchmann
Keyword(s):  
Arable Soils ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
N Fertilizers

The effects of agronomy on the carbon and nitrogen contained in the soil biomass

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. McM. Adams ◽  
R. J. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Grassland Soil ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Total Soil N

SummarySoils of various agronomic histories were fumigated with chloroform, and the resultant increased production of CO2 and mineral-N measured and expressed as biomass C and the flush of mineral-N production (FN), respectively. Biomass C and FN contents of grassland soils were greater than those of arable soils, and significant correlations with macro organic-matter content were found. Biomass C contents varied from 7 to mg C/100 g soil in arable soil and from 31 to 222 mg C/100 g soil in grassland or woodland. The proportion of soil organic C that was contained within the biomass ranged from 0·3 to 4·0%, whilst FN comprised from 1·0 to 11·7% of total soil N. FNcontents ranged from 1·1 to 13·2mg N/1OOg soil for arable soils, and from 2·5 to 31·7 mg N/100 g soil for grassland and woodland. Application of organic manures increased biomass C and FN contents in grassland soil.

scholarly journals Remediation of degraded arable steppe soils in Moldova using vetch as green manure

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wiesmeier ◽  
M. Lungu ◽  
R. Hübner ◽  
V. Cerbari
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Continental Climate

Abstract. In the Republic of Moldova, non-sustainable arable farming led to severe degradation and erosion of fertile steppe soils (Chernozems). As a result, the Chernozems lost about 40% of their initial amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). The aim of this study was to remediate degraded arable soils and promote carbon sequestration by implementation of cover cropping and green manuring in Moldova. Thereby, the suitability of the legume hairy vetch (Vicia sativa) as cover crop under the dry continental climate of Moldova was examined. At two experimental sites, the effect of cover cropping on chemical and physical soil properties as well as on yields of subsequent main crops was determined. The results showed a significant increase of SOC after incorporation of hairy vetch mainly due to increases of aggregate-occluded and mineral-associated OC. This was related to a high above- and belowground biomass production of hairy vetch associated with a high input of carbon and nitrogen into arable soils. A calculation of SOC stocks based on equivalent soil masses revealed a sequestration of around 3 t C ha−1yr−1 as a result of hairy vetch cover cropping. The buildup of SOC was associated with an improvement of the soil structure as indicated by a distinct decrease of bulk density and a relative increase of macroaggregates at the expense of microaggregates and clods. As a result, yields of subsequent main crops increased by around 20%. Our results indicated that hairy vetch is a promising cover crop to remediate degraded steppe soils, control soil erosion and sequester substantial amounts of atmospheric C in arable soils of Moldova.

Simulation of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in arable soils: a comparison of approaches

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gabrielle ◽  
B. Mary ◽  
R. Roche ◽  
P. Smith ◽  
G. Gosse
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics

The Carbon-Nitrogen Ratio of Soil Organic Matter

1930 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Range Of Variation

1. The average carbon-nitrogen ratio for fifty British soils from widely distributed areas approximates to the figure 10: 1 given by other investigators. The range of variation is from 6·5 to 13·5: 1. Sixteen foreign samples gave C/N ratios varying from 2·0 to 23·0: 1.2. Soils from limited areas, whether high or low in organic carbon, give approximately constant ratios, but these ratios vary from place to place according to soil, climate, etc. It is suggested that the C/N ratios may be specific.3. The C/N ratios of arable soils do not differ appreciably from those of grassland soils. The percentages of carbon and nitrogen are somewhat higher in the grassland samples than in the arable samples.

scholarly journals Remediation of degraded arable steppe soils in Moldova using vetch as green manure

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 509-535
Author(s):  
M. Wiesmeier ◽  
M. Lungu ◽  
R. Hübner ◽  
V. Cerbari
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Continental Climate

Abstract. In the Republic of Moldova, non-sustainable arable farming led to severe degradation and erosion of fertile steppe soils (Chernozems). As a result, the Chernozems lost about 40% of their initial amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). Aim of this study was to remediate degraded arable soils and promote carbon sequestration by implementation of cover cropping and green manuring in Moldova. Thereby, the suitability of the legume hairy vetch (Vicia sativa) as cover crop under the dry, continental climate of Moldova was examined. At two experimental sites, the effect of cover cropping on chemical and physical soil properties as well as on yields of subsequent main crops was determined. The results showed a significant increase of SOC after incorporation of hairy vetch due to a high above- and belowground biomass production that was related with a high input of carbon and nitrogen. A calculation of SOC stocks based on equivalent soil masses revealed a sequestration of around 3 t C ha-1 yr-1 as a result of hairy vetch cover cropping. The buildup of SOC was associated with an improvement of the soil structure as indicated by a distinct decrease of bulk density and a relative increase of macroaggregates at the expense of microaggregates and clods. As a result, yields of subsequent main crops increased by around 20%. Our results indicated that hairy vetch is a promising cover crop to remediate degraded steppe soils, control soil erosion and sequestrate substantial amounts of atmospheric C in arable soils of Moldova.

Detection and quantification of the soil microbial biomass – impacts on the management of agricultural soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. STOCKDALE ◽  
P. C. BROOKES
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Yield Information

Studies of single soil organisms, while useful in specialized cases, e.g. Rhizobia and mycohrrizae, do not yield information on the functioning of the soil ecosystem. This is because most important soil processes, e.g. carbon and nitrogen mineralization, depend upon interactions between entire suites of organisms, many of which still await identification and most of which remain unculturable.For many purposes, treating the soil microbial community as a single, undifferentiated unit, the soil microbial biomass (defined as all soil organisms <5000 μm3 volume), has much to commend it. It is analogous to studying the forest rather than an individual tree and uniquely permits an understanding of the soil–plant–microbe system as a whole, rather than studying only a small part. The present paper reviews the development of methods to measure microbial dynamics over the last century, the evolution of biomass methodologies and how they have helped the study of crucial soil processes such as nutrient and carbon cycling. Possible future directions for this research are also discussed and an explanation set forth of why the manipulation of this huge population (easily comprising 10 tonnes per hectare of living microbial cells in UK arable soils) has, so far, proved elusive.

Metabolic signalling and the partitioning of resources in plant storage organs

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL G. HALFORD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Metabolic Signalling ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Plant Storage

The most important harvested organs of crop plants, such as seeds, tubers and fruits, are often described as assimilate sinks. They play little or no part in the fixation of carbon through the production of sugars through photosynthesis, or in the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur, but import these assimilated resources to support metabolism and to store them in the form of starch, oils and proteins. Wild plants store resources in seeds and tubers to later support an emergent young plant. Cultivated crops are effectively storing resources to provide us with food and many have been bred to accumulate much more than would be required otherwise. For example, approximately 80% of a cultivated potato plant's dry weight is contained in its tubers, ten times the proportion in the tubers of its wild relatives (Inoue & Tanaka 1978). Cultivation and breeding has brought about a shift in the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen assimilate between the organs of the plant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document