A high-resolution variable-line-spacing spherical-grating monochromator with a movable exit slit

A new ultrahigh-energy-resolution and wide-energy-range soft X-ray beamline has been designed and is under construction at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The beamline has two branches: one dedicated to angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and the other to photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). The two branches share the same plane-grating monochromator, which is equipped with four variable-line-spacing gratings and covers the 20–2000 eV energy range. Two elliptically polarized undulators are employed to provide photons with variable polarization, linear in every inclination and circular. The expected energy resolution is approximately 10 meV at 1000 eV with a flux of more than 3 × 1010 photons s−1at the ARPES sample positions. The refocusing of both branches is based on Kirkpatrick–Baez pairs. The expected spot sizes when using a 10 µm exit slit are 15 µm × 5 µm (horizontal × vertical FWHM) at the ARPES station and 10 µm × 5 µm (horizontal × vertical FWHM) at the PEEM station. The use of plane optical elements upstream of the exit slit, a variable-line-spacing grating and a pre-mirror in the monochromator that allows the influence of the thermal deformation to be eliminated are essential for achieving the ultrahigh-energy resolution.

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Application of a Varied-Line-Spacing Grating in a High-Performance Soft X-ray Monochromator

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ◽

10.1107/s0909049597017263 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 246-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yonglian Yan ◽

Eiji Shigemasa ◽

Akira Yagishita

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Experimental Evaluation ◽

High Performance ◽

X Ray ◽

Photon Factory ◽

Line Spacing ◽

Grating Monochromator

The design and experimental evaluation of a high-resolution varied-line-spacing-grating monochromator constructed at the Photon Factory are described. Various applications of a varied-line-spacing grating in a high-performance soft X-ray monochromator are discussed.

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Commissioning and performance of the variable line spacing plane grating monochromator beamline at the Canadian Light Source

Review of Scientific Instruments ◽

10.1063/1.2778613 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 78 (8) ◽

pp. 083109 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Y. F. Hu ◽

L. Zuin ◽

G. Wright ◽

R. Igarashi ◽

M. McKibben ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Source ◽

Variable Line ◽

Line Spacing ◽

Grating Monochromator ◽

And Performance

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The in-focus variable line spacing plane grating monochromator

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment ◽

10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.162 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 649 (1) ◽

pp. 139-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. Reininger

Keyword(s):

Variable Line ◽

Line Spacing ◽

Grating Monochromator

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Design of a high-flux and high-resolution VUV bending-magnet beamline

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ◽

10.1107/s0909049597016464 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 562-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T.-F. Hsieh ◽

L.-R. Huang ◽

S.-C. Chung ◽

T.-E. Dann ◽

P.-C. Tseng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Incident Angle ◽

Normal Incidence ◽

Resolving Power ◽

High Flux ◽

Image Size ◽

Exit Slit ◽

Sample Position ◽

Grating Monochromator ◽

Under Construction

A high-flux and high-resolution VUV beamline (4–40 eV) has been designed and is under construction at SRRC. This beamline, which collects 50 mrad of horizontal radiation, uses a 6 m cylindrical-grating monochromator with an incident angle of 70° instead of the conventional normal-incidence-monochromator (NIM) design. Special features, such as movable entrance slit, bendable vertical focusing mirror and movable curved exit slit, are employed to enhance greatly the beamline performance. With both slit openings set at 10 µm, the energy-resolving power can reach as high as 70000. Photon fluxes of 1 × 1013 and 1 × 1010 photons s−1 are calculated for energy-resolving powers of 1000 and 40000, respectively. The best image size at the sample position is smaller than 0.45 × 0.2 mm.

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Variable line spacing plane grating monochromator for first LNLS undulator beamline

Diamond Light Source Proceedings ◽

10.1017/s2044820111000207 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (MEDSI-6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Rodrigues ◽

R. T. Neuenschwander ◽

L. F. Ribeiro ◽

M. Rocha ◽

T. J. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storage Ring ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Variable Line ◽

Line Spacing ◽

Grating Monochromator ◽

Elliptically Polarized ◽

Design And Construction

In early 2007 an elliptically polarized Apple II undulator was installed on an LNLS storage ring. It will provide photons to the first PGM beamline at LNLS designed to deliver photons ranging from 100 to 1000 eV with a resolving power of over 10 000. The beamline is about to start the commissioning process and this paper describes mainly the monochromator design and construction.

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A variable fixed-focus constant optimization method for a variable-included-angle varied-line-spacing plane-grating monochromator

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ◽

10.1107/s1600577519004569 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1192-1197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chaofan Xue ◽

Lian Xue ◽

Yanqing Wu ◽

Yong Wang ◽

Shumin Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optimization Method ◽

The Self ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Correction Function ◽

Aberration Correction ◽

Included Angle ◽

Variable Line ◽

Self Focusing ◽

Line Spacing ◽

Grating Monochromator

Variable-included-angle varied-line-spacing plane-grating monochromators (VIA-VPGM) have been applied to many beamlines because of the self-focusing and aberration-correction function of the varied-line-spacing grating. Unfortunately, to optimize the variable-line-spacing coefficient of the grating, the fixed-focus constant (C ff) has to be fixed first in the VIA-VPGM. In this way, some of the advantages of these monochromators are lost, such as the flexibility of choosing a different energy-resolving power by varying the C ff. In this work, a variable C ff optimization method is introduced for a VIA-VPGM. By adopting this method, the C ff could be arbitrarily selected in the VIA-VPGM.

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Design of an 18 m spherical-grating monochromator at UVSOR

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ◽

10.1107/s090904959701710x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 774-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hiroaki Yoshida ◽

Koichiro Mitsuke

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Energy Range ◽

Ring Current ◽

Optical Filters ◽

High Order ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Exit Slit ◽

High Photon Flux ◽

Grating Monochromator

An 18 m spherical-grating monochromator with high resolution and high photon flux has been developed at the bending-magnet beamline BL2B2 of the UVSOR facility in the Institute for Molecular Science. The monochromator is designed to cover the energy range 20–200 eV by using three gratings: G1 (2400 lines mm−1, R = 18 m) at 80–200 eV; G2 (1200 lines mm−1, R = 18 m) at 40–100 eV; G3 (2400 lines mm−1, R = 9.25 m) at 20–50 eV. A resolving power of 5000 and a photon flux of more than 1010 photons s−1 are expected at a 100 mA ring current. A small including angle of 140° is adopted for G3 and two plane mirrors coated with aluminium are located between G3 and the exit slit as optical filters. These geometrical devices may contribute significantly to the reduction of the high-order lights.

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