High expression of adhesion molecules/activation markers with little interleukin-2, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor β gene activation in fresh tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte from lung adenocarcinoma

ABSTRACT Cytokines and soluble immune activation markers that reflect cytokine activities in vivo are increasingly being measured in plasma, serum, and other body fluids. They provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information as well as insight into disease pathogenesis. Assays of neopterin, β2-microglobulin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II as well as of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were evaluated by using serum and plasma samples of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative subjects. Many factors were found to influence the outcomes of these assays. Substantial differences in apparent levels of analytes were frequently found when enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits from different manufacturers were used. In some cases, differences were found in the standards provided by separate manufacturers. Furthermore, the analytic results from different lots of ELISA kits supplied by single manufacturers differed by as much as 50%. The need for uniformity in the standards for quantitative assays was clearly illustrated. International reference standards are available for cytokines but not for soluble cytokine receptors or soluble activation markers. Marker levels in serum or in plasma were similar except those for IFN-γ. Most of the analytes were stable under several storage conditions. Thus, batch testing of frozen stored samples is feasible. The findings indicate that for longitudinal studies, the levels of cytokines and immune activation markers in plasma or serum should be measured by using preverified reagents from one manufacturer. The quality of laboratory performance can have an impact on clinical relevance. Proficiency testing and external quality assurance programs can help to develop the needed consensus.

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Acute hematologic effects of interferon alpha, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha and Interleukin 2

Annals of Hematology ◽

10.1007/bf01714980 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 25-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Walter E. Aulitzky ◽

Herbert Tilg ◽

Wolfgang Vogel ◽

Wolfgang Aulitzky ◽

Manuela Berger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Interferon Gamma ◽

Interferon Alpha ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Alpha Interferon ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Necrosis Factor

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IN SITU EXPRESSION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA, INTERFERON-GAMMA, AND INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTORS IN RENAL ALLOGRAFT BIOPSIES

Transplantation Journal ◽

10.1097/00007890-199212000-00015 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 1017-1024 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

IRENE L. NORONHA ◽

MARIA EBERLEIN-GONSKA ◽

BARRIE HARTLEY ◽

SUE STEPHENS ◽

J. STEWART CAMERON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Interferon Gamma ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Renal Allograft ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Necrosis Factor

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Biological variation of immunological blood biomarkers in healthy individuals and quality goals for biomarker tests

BMC Immunology ◽

10.1186/s12865-019-0313-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Najib Aziz ◽

Roger Detels ◽

Joshua J. Quint ◽

David Gjertson ◽

Timothy Ryner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Biological Variation ◽

Activation Markers ◽

Necrosis Factor

Abstract Background Cytokines, chemokines, adipocytokines, soluble cell receptors, and immune activation markers play an important role in immune responsiveness and can provide prognostic value since they reflect underlying conditions and disease states. This study was undertaken to investigate the components of biological variation for various laboratory tests of blood immunological biomarkers. Results Estimates of intra-individual coefficient of variation (CVI) and inter-individual coefficient of variation (CVG) were examined for blood immunological biomarkers. Biomarkers with CVI < 10% for both genders were CD3, CD4, and CD8 T-cells, serum levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), sCD163, and soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130). The CVI for serum levels of adiponectin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1β), soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L), soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα), soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (sTNF-RII), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were between 11 and 20%. Biomarkers with CVG < 20% were CD3 T-cell, and serum concentrations of sCD14, sCD40L, and sgp130. The biomarkers with CVG > 40% were adiponectin, IL-1ra, leptin, MIP-1β, sCD163, and sIL-2Rα. Conclusion The biological variations of biomarkers have important monitoring value for longitudinal investigation and are essential for quality specification of tests that are performed in the laboratory. The CVI was relatively small while CVG was comparatively large and mean values of each biomarker vary between subjects. The individuality of biomarkers significantly influences reference interval values. A majority of the biomarkers in this study had strong individuality and the result of each biomarker should be cautiously interpreted if using established reference interval values. Comparison of a patient’s test result with previous ones may be more useful than the usage of conventional reference values.

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