Degenerated Muscle Grafts used for Peripheral Nerve Repair in Primates

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
M. A. GLASBY ◽  
S. E. GSCHMEISSNER ◽  
C. L-H. HUANG ◽  
B. A. DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Nerve Segment ◽  
Normal Hand ◽  
Distal Nerve

The basement membrane matrix of skeletal muscle has a tubular configuration resembling that of peripheral nerves. Grafts made of autogenous skeletal muscle denatured by freezing and thawing were used to repair the ulnar nerve in marmosets. By six months, normal hand function had returned and the grafts were shown to transmit normal compound extracellular action potentials in both directions. Morphological examination of the grafts and distal nerves revealed normal axon numbers and axon maturity. Myelination in the graft was found to take place more slowly than in the distal nerve segment. It is suggested that such grafts might be of use in the repair of human peripheral nerves.

Nerve graft immunogenicity as a factor determining axonal regeneration in the rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adarsh K. Gulati ◽  
Geoffrey P. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Repeated Freezing

✓ Acellular basal lamina grafts have recently been reported to support axonal regeneration and have been used in peripheral nerve repair. The present study was designed to determine the immunogenicity of such basal lamina allografts (grafts that are genetically different) and their potential as bridging material for nerve gap repair. Inbred strains of Fischer and Buffalo rats with known histocompatibility differences were used. Acellular grafts were prepared by repeated freezing and thawing nerve tissue predegenerated in situ for 6 weeks. Non-frozen predegenerated nerves were used as cellular grafts for comparison. Fischer rats were used as hosts and received cellular or acellular grafts obtained from Fischer (isograft, genetically identical) or Buffalo (allograft) donors. The grafts were evaluated morphologically at 1,2, 4, and 12 weeks after transplantation. The cellular isografts supported axonal regeneration best. The cellular allografts were invariably rejected and were unsuccessful or only partially successful in supporting regeneration. In contrast, acellular allografts, in spite of their mild immunogenicity were successful in supporting regeneration, as were the acellular isografts. The rate of host axonal regeneration and recovery of target muscle was reduced in acellular allografts and isografts as compared to cellular isografts. It is concluded that acellular allografts are suitable for supporting axonal regeneration and may be used to bridge gaps in injured peripheral nerves.

The effects of sensory re-education on hand function recovery after peripheral nerve repair: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Weili Xia ◽  
Zhongfei Bai ◽  
Rongxia Dai ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Jiani Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Repair ◽  
Hand Functions ◽  
Function Recovery ◽  
Short And Long Term

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injury can result in both sensory and motor deficits, and these impairments can last for a long period after nerve repair. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effects of sensory re-education (SR) on facilitating hand function recovery after peripheral nerve repair. METHODS: This systematic review was limited to articles published from 1970 to 20 December 2020. Electronic searching was performed in CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline databases to include trials investigating the effects of SR training on hand function recovery after peripheral nerve repair and included only those studies with controlled comparisons. RESULTS: Sixteen articles were included in final data synthesis. We found that only four studies could be rated as having good quality and noted obvious methodological limitations in the remaining studies. The current evidence showed that early SR with mirror visual feedback and the combinational use of classic SR and topical temporary anesthetic seemed to have long- and short-term effects, respectively on improving the sensibility and reducing the disabilities of the hand. The evidence to support the effects of conventional classical SR on improving hand functions was not strong. CONCLUSIONS: Further well-designed trials are needed to evaluate the effects of different SR techniques on hand function after nerve repair over short- and long-term periods.

Tubular Repair of the Median Nerve in the Human Forearm

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LUNDBORG ◽  
B. ROSÉN ◽  
S. O. ABRAHAMSON ◽  
L. DAHLIN ◽  
N. DANIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Nerve Trunk ◽  
Contraction Force ◽  
Silicone Tube ◽  
Human Forearm ◽  
Normal Hand ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Chamber Technique

Transected median nerves in the forearm of two male patients, 12 and 21 years of age, were treated with a chamber technique leaving a 3 to 5 mm gap between the nerve ends. The nerve ends were enclosed in a silicone tube of such a dimension that would not cause compression of the nerve. Post-operative examination including sensory evaluation and assessment of muscle contraction force was carried out after 3 years. In both cases there was excellent motor recovery of the thenar muscles. Outgrowth of sensory fibres was remarkably fast, resulting ultimately in functional sensibility allowing almost normal hand function. 2PD was ⩽ 6 mm (12year-old patient) and 8 to 10 mm (21-year-old patient) respectively. In one case the silicone tube was re-explored because of minor local discomfort 2 years after the repair. The former gap was bridged by a smooth continuous nerve-like structure of the same diameter as the adjacent nerve trunk and with no signs of nenroma formation or compression of the nerve.

Touch Sensibility in the Hand

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A LEE DELLON
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Compartmental Syndrome ◽  
Non Invasive

Touch sensibility must be evaluated in most of our patients, and must be re-evaluated in many of them following surgery. Touch sensibility must be tested in our disability evaluations and in order to prognosticate regarding hand function. Touch sensibility evaluation can provide a non-invasive guide to acute compartmental syndrome management. Touch sensibility must be re-educated following nerve repair.

Degeneration of skeletal muscle, peripheral nerves, and the central nervous system in transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type prion proteins

Cell ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Westaway ◽  
Stephen J. DeArmond ◽  
Juliana Cayetano-Canlas ◽  
Darlene Groth ◽  
Dallas Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Prion Proteins ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A New Fibrin Seal: Functional Evaluation of Sensory Regeneration Following Primary Repair of Peripheral Nerves

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. POVLSEN
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Fibrin Seal

A new fibrin seal has recently been evaluated in terms of axonal regeneration; however morphological examination of the fibre composition of regenerated nerves may not necessarily provide functionally relevant information. This study therefore aims to evaluate the functional regenerated sensation, following peripheral nerve transection treated with fibrin seal (Tisseel-Duo, Immuno; Austria). The sural nerve-innervated skin of the rat hindfoot served as the target organ. Previously published results from animals following transection and suture served as controls. Ten 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The sciatic nerve was divided and rejoined with fibrin seal. The rats were allowed unrestricted movement directly after surgery and allowed to survive for 3 months. Our observations show that the functional results of regenerated polymodal nociceptors and low-threshold mecanoreceptors show no statistical difference when compared with microsuture. This strengthens the early positive morphological impression of this new product. Further prospective studies in man are anticipated.

scholarly journals Management of Brachial Plexus Injury in Adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Songcharoen
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Muscle Transfer ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Elbow Function ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents

Brachial plexus injury in adults is commonly caused by motorcycle accidents. Surgical management consists of nerve repair and nerve grafting for extraforaminal nerve root or trunk injury, and of neurotization or nerve transfer for nerve roots avulsion. In general, the results regarding restoration of shoulder and elbow function are good but reinnervation of the forearm muscles is less than safisfactory in respect to restoration of hand function. Functioning free muscle transfer in combination with selective nerve transfer is a reasonable alternative surgical procedure.

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