Effects of various ozone exposures on the susceptibility of bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Botrytis cinerea

The development of civilisation, urbanisation and industrialisation cause to ever increasing contamination of the natural environment. Cadmium belongs to this group of chemical elements, which represent a serious threat, not only for the proper development of plants but also for the health of humans and animals. Hence, the interest of scientists in the toxic effects of this kind chemical elements on the various life functions of organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cadmium nitrate aqueous solutions on photosynthetic activity and degree of disorganisation of cell membranes in leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. ‘Laurina’). A fully formed second leaves were wetted with cadmium solutions nitrate (Cd(NO3)2) at concentrations of 5 and 10 mM. With the increasing of cadmium concentration and time of its application (20, 40, 60 min and 24 h), the changes in the fluorescence of bean leaves were observed. Under the influence of cadmium ions, damage occurred both on the edge and the central part of the leaves, and then the whole surface. The highest changes of the chlorophyll fluorescence values were observed after 24 h of application the aqueous cadmium solutions. Use of SPAD chlorophyll Meter, the reduction of chlorophyll content was noticed over time. The flow of electrolytes from the bean leaves was increased with the time and concentration of applied cadmium compounds.

Download Full-text

Molecular and Functional Characterization of Elicitor PeBC1 Extracted from Botrytis cinerea Involved in the Induction of Resistance against Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae) in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10020035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abdul Basit ◽

Abdul Hanan ◽

Talha Nazir ◽

Muhammad Majeed ◽

Dewen Qiu

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Myzus Persicae ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Green Peach Aphid ◽

Common Beans ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Bean Plants

Elicitors are biofactors that induce resistance in plants against different insect pests. This in vitro study evaluated the impact of a novel elicitor protein PeBC1, extracted from a necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, on the development and fecundity parameters of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Three different concentrations of PeBC1 elicitor (i.e., 33.56, 25.43, 19.33 µg mL−1) were applied at three different temperature regimes (i.e., 18, 21, and 25 °C). Elicitor treatments were applied topically on the bean plants at 3-leaf stage and newly emerged (0–6 h old) apterous adult aphids were exposed to these treated leaves. In addition to the biological parameters of aphids, the relative expression levels of key genes associated with jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) plant defense pathways were also determined through RT-qPCR. Results of bioassays revealed that the application of PeBC1 elicitor protein exhibited pronounced and significant (p < 0.05) sub-lethal effects on green peach aphids. The fecundity was reduced and the nymphal development time was prolonged by different concentrations of PeBC1 elicitor and temperature regimes. Gene expression studies showed that the exogenous application of PeBC1 induced a significant upregulation of the expression levels of JA and SA pathway-associated genes in bean plants. As compared to control, elicitor-treated plants exhibited an induced resistance against aphids. Our findings suggest the potential use of PeBC1 elicitor protein in future bio-intensive management strategies against sap-sucking insect pests such as green peach aphids.

Download Full-text

Effects of mineral nutrition on 35SO2 uptake by bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1987.008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (1-2) ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

Maria Warteresiewicz ◽

Bronisław Wyżgolik ◽

Jerzy Szdzuj

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Nutritional Conditions ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Bean Leaves

Experiments with bean have shown, that the concentration of all of the mineral components in the nutrient solution exerts a significant influence on 35SO2 uptake by leaves. The greatest amount of 35SO2 was taken up by bean leaves grown either in a high supply of nutrients or in their deficiency. The bean leaves which were grown in favourable nutritional conditions took up less 35SO2 from the air.

Download Full-text