scholarly journals Activity of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Leaves Under the Cadmium Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Joanna PUŁA ◽  
Beata BARABASZ-KRASNY ◽  
Andrzej LEPIARCZYK ◽  
Peiman ZANDI ◽  
Katarzyna MOŻDŻEŃ

The development of civilisation, urbanisation and industrialisation cause to ever increasing contamination of the natural environment. Cadmium belongs to this group of chemical elements, which represent a serious threat, not only for the proper development of plants but also for the health of humans and animals. Hence, the interest of scientists in the toxic effects of this kind chemical elements on the various life functions of organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cadmium nitrate aqueous solutions on photosynthetic activity and degree of disorganisation of cell membranes in leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. ‘Laurina’). A fully formed second leaves were wetted with cadmium solutions nitrate (Cd(NO3)2) at concentrations of 5 and 10 mM. With the increasing of cadmium concentration and time of its application (20, 40, 60 min and 24 h), the changes in the fluorescence of bean leaves were observed. Under the influence of cadmium ions, damage occurred both on the edge and the central part of the leaves, and then the whole surface. The highest changes of the chlorophyll fluorescence values were observed after 24 h of application the aqueous cadmium solutions. Use of SPAD chlorophyll Meter, the reduction of chlorophyll content was noticed over time. The flow of electrolytes from the bean leaves was increased with the time and concentration of applied cadmium compounds.

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1792-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Girardin ◽  
Daniel P. Rasse ◽  
Philippe Biron ◽  
Jaleh Ghashghaie ◽  
Claire Chenu

Irriga ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Marília Cândida Oliveira ◽  
Affonso Maria de Carvalho ◽  
Ademercio Antonio Paccola

AVALIAÇÃO DAS PERDAS (HÍDRICAS E MINERAIS) EM SOLOS DE TEXTURA ARENOSA, UTILIZANDO CAMADAS DE IMPEDIMENTO  Marília Cândida de OliveiraFaculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP - Campus de BotucatuAffonso Maria de CarvalhoDepartamento de Ciência do Solo - UNESP - Botucatu-SP - CP:237 - CEP 18603-970Ademércio Antônio PaccolaDepartamento de Ciências Ambientais - UNESP - Botucatu-SP - CP:237 - CEP 18603-970  1 RESUMO                 O presente trabalho, conduzido em vasos e em condições de casa de vegetação, teve como objetivo avaliar as perdas hídricas e minerais em solos de textura arenosa, utilizando camadas de impedimento.                Foram utilizados três (3) tipos de solos: Cambissolo eutrófico Latossólico  textura arenosa (CeL); Areia Quartzosa distrófica Latossólica (AQdL) e Areia Quartzosa distrófica (AQd).                Estabeleceram-se as seguintes camadas de impedimento: pedrisco, argila bentonítica, lona plástica e asfalto, além da testemunha (sem camada de impedimento), e vasos complementares (sem camadas de impedimento e sem plantas).                No trabalho utilizaram-se vasos de dois (2) litros,onde foram colocados os solo e camada de impedimento, utilizando-se as seguintes culturas: aveia preta (Avena strigosa Scheb.) e feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris sp.).                As determinações efetuadas foram: quantidade de água necessária, volume de material percolado, quantidade dos elementos químicos no percolado (N, P, K, Ca e Mg), quantidade total dos elementos químicos percolados, peso de material seco da aveia preta e feijoeiro e análise química da parte aérea do feijoeiro.                Os resultados obtidos permitiram as seguintes conclusões: a camada de impedimento com asfalto determinou as menores quantidades de água necessária e valores médios superiores de pesos de material seco; a Areia Quartzosa distrófica (AQd) apresentou volume total de material percolado, e valores médios de percolação mais elevados para os elementos químicos determinados. Em relação aos valores médios dos pesos de material seco, verifica-se a seguinte seqüência de eficiência: asfalto > lona  plástica > argila bentonítica > pedrisco > testemunha. UNITERMOS: Camadas de impedimento, perdas hídricas, perdas minerais, aveia preta, feijão.  OLIVEIRA, M.C., CARVALHO, A.M., PACCOLA, A.A.  Estimation (mineral and hydric) looses in sand soils, through impediment layers.  2 ABSTRACT                 This work aimed to stimate mineral and hydric looses in sand soils, through impediment layers. Three soil types were used: eutrofic Torripsamment (CeL) distrofic Quartzpsamment (AQdL); and distrofic Quartzpsamment (AQd).  The following impediment layers were used: small stones (2.00 mm diameter), bentonitic clay, plastic canvas, asphalt and other tratment without any impediment or artificial obstruction or plants. Black oat (Avena strigosa, Scheb) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) were sowed in tho liter pots with the impediment layer tratments. The determinations were: plant water needs, water and minerais (N, P. K, Ca and Mg) transported through the impediment layers, dry material of black oat and bean, and chemical analysis of aerial part of bean. The results allowed the conclusions; the asphalt impediment layer showed the smallest amount of water for plants and the highest average values of dry material weight; the dystrofic Quartzpsamment (AQd) showed the highest total volume of lixivied and chemical elements transported through the layer in relation to dry material weight; the follow efficiency sequency was foud: asphalt > plastic canvas > bentonitic clay > small stone. KEYWORDS: Hydric looses; impediment layers, mineral looses


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