Substance P effects on the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos R. Plata-Salaman ◽  
Atsuo Fukuda ◽  
Taketsugu Minami ◽  
Yutaka Oomura
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

Substance P- and tyrosine hydroxylase- containing neurom in the human dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve

1993 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Feng Huang ◽  
George Paxinos ◽  
Paul Halasz ◽  
Deborah McRitchie ◽  
Istvan Törk
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

scholarly journals Effects of substance P on identified neurons of the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. G164-G172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Lewis ◽  
R. Alberto Travagli
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Neuronal Groups ◽  
Concentration Response Curve

Previous evidence suggests that substance P (SP) activates subpopulations of neurons within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). In this study we aimed at identifying these subpopulations in relation to their gastrointestinal projection organs or vagal branches and characterizing pharmacologically the SP response. Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings from identified gastrointestinal-projecting vagal motoneurons, we found that SP induced an inward current in all neuronal groups except for cecum-projecting cells. The lowest percentage of SP-responding neurons was found in fundus-projecting cells, where SP also had a concentration-response curve that was shifted to the left ( P < 0.05). Independently from the projections, the SP response was reduced by sendide and MEN 10,376 and mimicked by a combination of [Sar9-Met(O2)11]SP and α-neurokinin. SP and α-neurokinin also increased the frequency, but not the amplitude, of postsynaptic currents. In conclusion, we demonstrated that SP induces both pre- and postsynaptic effects on DMV neurons via activation of neurokinin NK1 and NK2 receptors. The magnitude of the SP response was correlated to the peripheral target organ.

Effect of Substance P Injection into the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius of Rats on Cricothyroid and Thyroarytenoid Motor Activity and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Bauman ◽  
Erich S. Luschei ◽  
Deqiang Wang ◽  
William T. Talman
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Reflex Activity ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Transmitter Substance

Identification of central neurotransmitters that mediate laryngeal adductor and/or tensor activity may prove useful in managing pathological laryngeal adduction as occurs in laryngospasm or apparent life-threatening events. The putative transmitter substance P (SP) is found in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), in which laryngeal afferents terminate. Therefore, we studied the laryngeal, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects of SP injected into the NTS of rats. We completed bilateral stereotactic injections of 20 nL of SP (15 μmol) or control solution into the region of the NTS, the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN), or the nucleus gracilis (GR) in 30 anesthetized rats. Changes in diaphragm, cricothyroid (CT), and thyroarytenoid (TA) electromyography (EMG), as well as blood pressure (BP), were compared. The injection sites were verified histologically. Injection of SP into the NTS altered CT and/or TA EMG activity in all animals. The change ranged from complete inhibition, to a phasic increase, to a tonic increase. No change in laryngeal adductor EMG activity was seen in 8 of 9 animals after SP injections into the DMN (4/5) or GR (4/4), but 1 animal demonstrated brief inhibition of CT and TA EMG activity after SP injection into the DMN. Injection of SP into the NTS induced central apnea and a significant decrease in BP in all animals. The duration of apnea tended to be longer after NTS injections than after DMN or GR injections (p < .10 and p < .05, respectively). We conclude that stereotactic injections of putative neurotransmitters in rats may be accomplished to identify effects on laryngeal motor activity. Direct application of SP into the NTS consistently elicits a change in CT and/or TA EMG activity, ranging from inhibition to excitation. This model may prove useful in evaluating pharmacological targets of central reflex activity to manage life-threatening laryngeal reflex activity.

Alterations in substance P binding in brain nuclei of spontaneously hypertensive rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. H301-H306
Author(s):  
K. Shigematsu ◽  
M. Niwa ◽  
M. Kurihara ◽  
E. Castren ◽  
J. M. Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Nucleus Ambiguus ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Brain Nuclei ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

Substance P binding sites were characterized in brain nuclei of young (4-wk-old) and adult (16-wk-old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats by quantitative autoradiography. Young SHR presented higher affinity constants (KA) than young WKY. The changes were restricted to the locus coeruleus, the area postrema, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and to discrete areas located in lobes 9 and 10 of the vermis cerebelli of SHR. There were no differences in the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) except in the nucleus ambiguus where the Bmax was lower than in WKY. Conversely, the number of substance P binding sites was higher in the locus coeruleus, the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis, the nucleus ambiguus, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the hypoglossal nucleus, the inferior olivary nucleus, and lobes 9 and 10 of the vermis cerebelli of adult SHR when compared with adult WKY. Our results support the hypothesis of a role for brain substance P in blood pressure regulation and in genetic hypertension in rats.

scholarly journals NMDA Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Activity in Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus Mediates the Enhancement of Gastric Motility by Stimulating ST36

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyan Gao ◽  
Yongfa Qiao ◽  
Baohui Jia ◽  
Xianghong Jing ◽  
Bin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Vagal Reflex ◽  
Precise Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of electroacupuncture at ST36 for patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders. While several lines of evidence suggest that the effect may involve vagal reflex, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this process still remains unclear. Here we report that the intragastric pressure increase induced by low frequency electric stimulation at ST36 was blocked by AP-5, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Indeed, stimulating ST36 enhanced NMDAR-mediated, but not 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic-acid-(AMPA-) receptor-(AMPAR-) mediated synaptic transmission in gastric-projecting neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). We also identified that suppression of presynapticμ-opioid receptors may contribute to upregulation of NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission induced by electroacupuncture at ST36. Furthermore, we determined that the glutamate-receptor-2a-(NR2A-) containing NMDARs are essential for NMDAR-mediated enhancement of gastric motility caused by stimulating ST36. Taken together, our results reveal an important role of NMDA receptors in mediating enhancement of gastric motility induced by stimulating ST36.

α-Synuclein pathology in the spinal cords of neurologically asymptomatic aged individuals

Neurology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Klos ◽  
J. E. Ahlskog ◽  
K. A. Josephs ◽  
H. Apaydin ◽  
J. E. Parisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Locus Ceruleus ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Lewy Neurites ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

The authors assessed the frequency of spinal cord α-synuclein pathology in neurologically asymptomatic individuals older than 60 years of age (N = 106). Using α-synuclein immunohistochemistry, nine cases (8%) had incidental Lewy neurites in the intermediolateral column and at least some α-synuclein pathology in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, locus ceruleus, and central raphe nucleus. Sparse α-synuclein pathology was also detected in the substantia nigra, basal forebrain, amygdala, or cortex in all but two cases.

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