Absorption cross-sections of high-energy hadrons on nuclei

1969 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Abul-Magd ◽  
G. Alberi ◽  
L. Bertocchi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Absorption Cross

scholarly journals Ultraviolet absorption cross sections of carbonyl sulfide isotopologues OC<sup>32</sup>S, OC<sup>33</sup>S, OC<sup>34</sup>S and O<sup>13</sup>CS: isotopic fractionation in photolysis and atmospheric implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 10293-10303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hattori ◽  
S. O. Danielache ◽  
M. S. Johnson ◽  
J. A. Schmidt ◽  
H. G. Kjaergaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption ◽  
Absorption Cross ◽  
Rare Isotopes ◽  
Mass Dependent ◽  
Franck Condon ◽  
Energy Side

Abstract. We report measurements of the ultraviolet absorption cross sections of OC32S, OC33S, OC34S and O13CS from 195 to 260 nm. The OCS isotopologues were synthesized from isotopically-enriched elemental sulfur by reaction with carbon monoxide. The measured cross section of OC32S is consistent with literature spectra recorded using natural abundance samples. Relative to the spectrum of the most abundant isotopologue, substitution of heavier rare isotopes has two effects. First, as predicted by the reflection principle, the Gaussian-based absorption envelope becomes slightly narrower and blue-shifted. Second, as predicted by Franck-Condon considerations, the weak vibrational structure is red-shifted. Sulfur isotopic fractionation constants (33ε, 34ε) as a function of wavelength are not highly structured, and tend to be close to zero on average on the high energy side and negative on the low energy side. The integrated photolysis rate of each isotopologue at 20 km, the approximate altitude at which most OCS photolysis occurs, was calculated. Sulfur isotopic fractionation constants at 20 km altitude are (−3.7 ± 4.5)‰ and (1.1 ± 4.2)‰ for 33ε and 34ε, respectively, which is inconsistent with the previously estimated large fractionation of over 73‰ in 34ε. This demonstrates that OCS photolysis does not produce sulfur isotopic fractionation of more than ca. 5‰, suggesting OCS may indeed be a significant source of background stratospheric sulfate aerosols. Finally, the predicted isotopic fractionation constant for 33S excess (33E) in OCS photolysis is (−4.2 ± 6.6)‰, and thus photolysis of OCS is not expected to be the source of the non-mass-dependent signature observed in modern and Archaean samples.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet absorption cross sections of carbonyl sulfide isotopologues OC<sup>32</sup>S, OC<sup>33</sup>S, OC<sup>34</sup>S and O<sup>13</sup>CS: isotopic fractionation in photolysis and atmospheric implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 20487-20520 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hattori ◽  
S. O. Danielache ◽  
M. S. Johnson ◽  
J. A. Schmidt ◽  
H. G. Kjaergaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption ◽  
Absorption Cross ◽  
Rare Isotopes ◽  
Mass Dependent ◽  
Franck Condon ◽  
Energy Side

Abstract. We report measurements of the ultraviolet absorption cross sections of OC32S, OC33S, OC34S and O13CS from 195 to 260 nm. The OCS isotopologues were synthesized from isotopically-enriched elemental sulfur by reaction with carbon monoxide. The measured cross section of OC32S is consistent with literature spectra recorded using natural abundance samples. Relative to the spectrum of the most abundant isotopologue, substitution of heavier rare isotopes has two effects. First, as predicted by the reflection principle, the Gaussian-based absorption envelope becomes slightly more narrow and blue-shifted. Second, as predicted by Franck-Condon considerations, the weak vibrational structure is red-shifted. Sulfur isotopic fractionation constants (33ε, 34ε) as a function of wavelength are not highly structured, and tend to be close to zero on average on the high energy side and negative on the low energy side. Since OCS photolysis occurs in the lower stratosphere, the integrated photolysis rate of each isotopologue at 20 km was calculated. Sulfur isotopic fractionation constants at 20 km altitude are (−3.7 ± 4.5) ‰ and (1.1 ± 4.2) ‰ for 33ε and 34ε, respectively, which is inconsistent with the previously estimated large fractionation of over 73 ‰ in 34ε. This demonstrates that OCS photolysis does not produce sulfur isotopic fractionation of more than ca. 5 ‰, suggesting OCS may be the source of background stratospheric sulfate aerosols. Finally, the predicted isotopic fractionation constant for 33S excess (33E) in OCS photolysis is (−4.2 ± 6.6) ‰, and thus photolysis of OCS is not expected to be the source of the non-mass-dependent signature observed in modern and Archaean samples.

scholarly journals Universality of high-energy absorption cross sections for black holes

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Décanini ◽  
Gilles Esposito-Farèse ◽  
Antoine Folacci
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Absorption Cross ◽  
High Energy Absorption

Spectroscopy Fundamentals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Chance ◽  
Randall V. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
Electronic Spectroscopy ◽  
Rotational Spectroscopy ◽  
Absorption Cross ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Atmospheric Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantitative Spectroscopy ◽  
Broad Overview

This chapter provides a broad overview of the spectroscopic principles required in order to perform quantitative spectroscopy of atmospheres. It couples the details of atmospheric spectroscopy with the radiative transfer processes and also with the assessment of rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopic measurements of atmospheres. The principles apply from line-resolved measurements (chiefly microwave through infrared) through ultraviolet and visible measurements employing absorption cross sections developed from individual transitions. The chapter introduces Einstein coefficients before in turn discussing rotational spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear spin, and electronic spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Total cross sections of eγ → $$ eX\overline{X} $$ processes with X = μ, γ, e via multiloop methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman N. Lee ◽  
Alexey A. Lyubyakin ◽  
Vyacheslav A. Stotsky
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Elliptic Integral ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Complete Elliptic Integral ◽  
Total Cross Sections ◽  
Multiloop Calculation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Abstract Using modern multiloop calculation methods, we derive the analytical expressions for the total cross sections of the processes e−γ →$$ {e}^{-}X\overline{X} $$ e − X X ¯ with X = μ, γ or e at arbitrary energies. For the first two processes our results are expressed via classical polylogarithms. The cross section of e−γ → e−e−e+ is represented as a one-fold integral of complete elliptic integral K and logarithms. Using our results, we calculate the threshold and high-energy asymptotics and compare them with available results.

SPALLATION YIELDS FROM HIGH ENERGY PROTON BOMBARDMENT OF HEAVY ELEMENTS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Comparison With Experiment ◽  
Energy Proton ◽  
Stringent Test ◽  
Neutron Evaporation ◽  
Nuclear Processes ◽  
Mev Protons

The Monte Carlo calculations of McManus and Sharp (unpublished) for the prompt nuclear processes occurring upon bombardment of heavy elements by 400 Mev. protons are combined with a description of the subsequent neutron evaporation to determine spallation cross sections for comparison with experiment. The model employed is a schematic one which suppresses the detailed characteristics of individual nuclei, but gives the over-all behavior to be expected. Many-particle and collective effects such as alpha particle emission and fission are ignored. The computed cross sections are presented in a variety of different graphical forms which illustrate quantitatively the qualitative picture of high energy reactions first given by Serber (1947). The calculations are in general agreement with existing data when fission is not an important effect, but the agreement does not imply a very stringent test of the various features of the model.

scholarly journals Vector boson fusion at multi-TeV muon colliders

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Costantini ◽  
Federico De Lillo ◽  
Fabio Maltoni ◽  
Luca Mantani ◽  
Olivier Mattelaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vector Boson ◽  
High Energy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Vector Boson Fusion ◽  
Weak Boson ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lepton Colliders ◽  
Muon Colliders ◽  
New Phenomena

Abstract High-energy lepton colliders with a centre-of-mass energy in the multi-TeV range are currently considered among the most challenging and far-reaching future accelerator projects. Studies performed so far have mostly focused on the reach for new phenomena in lepton-antilepton annihilation channels. In this work we observe that starting from collider energies of a few TeV, electroweak (EW) vector boson fusion/scattering (VBF) at lepton colliders becomes the dominant production mode for all Standard Model processes relevant to studying the EW sector. In many cases we find that this also holds for new physics. We quantify the size and the growth of VBF cross sections with collider energy for a number of SM and new physics processes. By considering luminosity scenarios achievable at a muon collider, we conclude that such a machine would effectively be a “high-luminosity weak boson collider,” and subsequently offer a wide range of opportunities to precisely measure EW and Higgs couplings as well as discover new particles.

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