The dynamics of micelle formation in bile salts I. Sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate

1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa M. Emara ◽  
Gordon Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Sodium Cholate

Substitution of Lipids with Bile Salts in the Formation of Thrombin

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Barthels ◽  
W. H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Analytical Reagents ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryThe generation of thrombin was studied in an activating system consisting of purified thrombin zymogens, purified autoprothrombin C, purified Ac-globulin, lipid or bile salts, and calcium chloride. With the concentration of calcium ions and pH fixed, the effect of varying the other three procoagulants was studied. Bile salts were effective substitutes for lipids in a concentration where micelles form. The approximate effectiveness from highest to lowest was: conjugated sodium salt of taurocholic acid, sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate. Sodium dehydrocholate was ineffective. Autoprothrombin C is the enzyme for thrombin formation. For accelerating its activity best results were obtained with the simultaneous presence of optimal concentrations of calcium ions, Ac-globulin and lipids or bile salts. Reducing any one of the three to zero concentration decreased the rate and yield of thrombin generation.The form in which the zymogen is used was found to be important. Prothrombin complex, DE AE-prothrombin and prethrombin were studied. Each substrate has its peculiar requirements for yielding thrombin. Prothrombin complex and DEAE-pro-thrombin activated far more rapidly and required 10 times less autoprothrombin C than prethrombin. The yield of thrombin from these substrates was also higher than from prethrombin. DE AE-prothrombin required the least amount of lipid. For the bile salts the required concentrations were nearly always the same from one substrate to another. To a certain extent Benadryl could also be substituted for lipids. In association with rapid thrombin generation from DE AE-prothrombin the Ac-globulin and autoprothrombin C Avere represented in approximately a 6:1 molar ratio. As compared with the weight of the enzyme large amounts of Ac-globulin and cholate were required.DE AE-prothrombin was readily made refractory to the two-stage analytical reagents with purified platelet factor 3 and calcium ions. Combinations of sodium cholate and phosphatidyl serine were also effective, but either one alone was ineffective.

Comparison of In Vitro Binding of Bile Salt by Pectins from Various Sources

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cheewatanakornkool ◽  
A. Chaidedgumjorn ◽  
U. Sotanaphun ◽  
S. Limsirichaikul ◽  
C. Wessapan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Level ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Action ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Binding of bile salts by dietary fiber is believed to promote their excretion and hence to reduce the serum cholesterol level in man and experimental animals. In this study, the binding efficiency of soluble pectin from various sources, i.e., apple, citrus and pomelo, was examined. Sodium deoxycholate and sodium cholate hydrate were used as a model to represent bile salt in human body. The binding efficiency was assayed by acid reaction, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and enzyme cycling method. The results demonstrated that enzyme cycling method was the most suitable for assaying the in-vitro binding of bile salts while the TLC was not very sensitive, i.e., low amount of bile salts cannot be detected by TLC. Excess pectin from binding test could also interfere the acid reaction method even though the centrifugation was used to remove the excess pectin. When the concentration of pectin was increased, the binding efficiency with sodium deoxycholate increased. However, at 1% w/w of pectin, the binding efficiency decreased. The exception is for pomelo pectin in which the binding efficiency increased when the pectin concentration increased. With sodium cholate hydrate, only slight difference in binding efficiency was observed for all types and concentrations of pectin. The results indicate that the ability to bind bile salts of pectin might be responsible for its hypocholesterolemic action observed in experimental animals and humans.

Effect of Maltodextrin and Temperature on Micellar Behavior of Bile Salts in Aqueous Medium: Conductometric and Spectrofluorimetric Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvarcha Chauhan ◽  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
M.S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Conductivity Method ◽  
Full Agreement ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Micellization Behavior ◽  
Separation Model

Abstract Conductivity and fluorescence probe techniques have been employed to study the micellar behavior of bile salts i.e. sodium cholate (1–20 mmol⋅kg−1) and sodium deoxycholate (0.5–10.0 mmol⋅kg−1) in aqueous solutions of maltodextrin (0.0, 0.5, 1.1, and 1.6 mmol⋅kg−1) at different temperatures. The influence of maltodextrin on the micellization behavior of bile salts has been determined in terms of critical micelle concentration (CMC) values obtained from conductivity measurement. The variation in CMC values has been discussed by considering the alteration in the hydrophobic environment of maltodextrin-sodium cholate/sodium deoxycholate complex imparted by the carbohydrate molecules. In order to substantiate the CMC values determined from conductivity method, the fluorescence probe study of aqueous sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate solutions in presence of fluorescent, pyrene has also been carried. The CMC values obtained from both techniques are in full agreement with each other. Moreover, application of charged pseudo-phase separation model has been made to discuss the thermodynamics of the system.

Comparison of In Vitro Binding of Various Bile Salts by Coconut Fibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 1060 ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornsak Sriamornsak ◽  
Sontaya Limmatvapirat ◽  
Panida Asavapichayont ◽  
Srisuda Konthong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Coconut Fiber

The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro binding of bile salts by coconut fiber, a by-product of coconut milk extraction. The raw coconut fiber was processed by different methods before binding test, that is, sieving, pulverizing in mortar, grinding by a dry grinder, digesting with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl), grinding by a dry grinder and then digesting with 0.1 N HCl. The resultant coconut fiber was sieved to obtain the particle size ranged from 250 to 600 μm. Various bile salts, i.e., sodium deoxycholate, sodium cholate and sodium taurocholate, were individually tested and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that sodium deoxycholate was bound by sieved coconut fiber (9.64%), mortar-ground coconut fiber (12.91%), grinder-ground coconut fiber (28.31%), acid-digested coconut fiber (41.14%), and grinder-ground and acid-digested coconut fiber (37.54%). Similar results were obtained when sodium cholate and sodium taurocholate were tested but to a lesser extent. It can be concluded from these results that coconut fiber may have potential application as a cholesterol-reducing agent.

Effect of the submicellar concentration of bile salts on structural alterations of β-casein micelles

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (76) ◽  
pp. 71989-71998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagannath Kuchlyan ◽  
Arpita Roy ◽  
Rupam Dutta ◽  
Swagata Sen ◽  
Nilmoni Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
The Self ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Fluorescence Techniques ◽  
Assembly Behavior

The role of bile salts, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and sodium cholate (NaCh), on the self-assembly behavior of β-casein micelles (β-CMs) was investigated using various fluorescence techniques.

scholarly journals Adsorption of bile salts from aqueous solution by plant fibre and cholestyramine

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Oakenfull ◽  
Dorothy E. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Level ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Plant Fibre

1. Adsorption of bile salts by dietary fibre is believed to promote their excretion and hence to reduce the serum cholesterol level in man and experimental animals.2. We have tested a number of plant fibre fractions and other related materials for their ability to adsorb bile salts from aqueous solution. The ‘insoluble’ plant fractions were from ‘dry grain’ (a residue from brewing), apple, wheat bran, lucerne (Medicago sativa), soya beans, mung beans (Phaseolus mungo), chick peas (Cicer arietinum), rolled oats, spinach (Spinacia oleracea), sunflower seeds, sawdust and sheep faeces. The other materials were cholestyramine, pectin and lignins prepared from wheat bran and from sawdust.3. Only cholestyramine and the fibre from lucerne, soya beans, mung beans, chick peas, spinach, and sunflower seeds adsorbed enough of either sodium cholate or sodium deoxycholate for adsorption to be detectable.4. This result conflicts with a report that the lignin component of dietary fibre is responsible for adsorption of bile salts.5. Adsorption of bile salts, when it occurs, may depend on the presence of saponins bound to the fibre.

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