Ethanol-induced stimulation and depression on measures of locomotor activity: Effects of basal activity levels in rats

Alcohol ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy O. Moore ◽  
Harry L. June ◽  
Michael J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Basal Activity

scholarly journals Effects of nicotine on spontaneous locomotor activity in rats having high and low basal activity levels

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Meliska ◽  
Kevin W. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Jerry E. Rosine
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Basal Activity

scholarly journals Search and evaluation of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of selective blocker of TRPA 1 ion channels from the group of substituted pyrazinopyrimidinones

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Evgeniya А. Beskhmelnitsyna ◽  
Dmitriy V. Kravchenko ◽  
Lev N. Sernov ◽  
Irina N. Dolzhikova ◽  
Tatyana V. Avtina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Absolute Bioavailability ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
General Locomotor Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction. Doctors of almost all specialties have to deal with the problem of pain and its relief. According to the literature, almost 30 million people daily take analgesics from the group of non-opioid analgesics, but in more than half of them 4-6 hours after taking the medication, the severity of pain is unchanged. Objective. to search for the most active molecules potential selective inhibitors of the TRPA1 ion channel with further investigation of their pharmacodynamic effects, toxicological safety, pharmacokinetic parameters and organ distribution, as well as to assess their impact on the psychoemotional state, general locomotor activity levels and anxiety in laboratory animals. Materials and methods. According to the results of in vitro tests, the most active molecule under code ZC02-0012 was selected from the pool of candidates. Further its analgesic activity was evaluated using an acetic acid-induced writhing test and a hot plate test; its anti-inflammatory activity was studied in the acute exudative paw edema model; in the open field and elevated plus-maze tests the influence of ZC02-0012 on the general locomotor activity levels and the anxiety of the laboratory animals was studied. The pharmacokinetic parameters and organ distribution of the substance ZC02-0012 were studied using a liquid chromatograph with an operating pressure range of 0-60 mPa (Thermo Scientific Dionex UltiMate 3000). Results and discussion. According to the results of in vitro tests, it was found that IC50 of the TRPA1 selective inhibitor under laboratory code ZC02-0012 was 91.3 nmol. The preclinical studies showed that ZC02-0012 possessed pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and absence of the influence on the behavior and anxiety of the laboratory animals. Absolute bioavailability of ZC02-0012 in rabbits was 47%, while ZC02-0012 was intensely distributed into organs and tissues with a high level of blood circulation. The highest content of ZC02-0012 is typical of liver, kidneys and lungs, the lowest – for muscle tissue. Most of the substance is undergone rapid biotransformation and excreted as metabolites.

Activation of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase by exercise

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. R166-R171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Kasperek ◽  
G. L. Dohm ◽  
R. D. Snider
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Keto Acid ◽  
Leucine Oxidation ◽  
Basal Activity ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Branched Chain

The present study was conducted to investigate the metabolic regulation of leucine oxidation during exercise. Ten rats per group were run at 27 m/min (0% grade) on a treadmill for 30 and 120 min or until exhausted, and the total and basal activity of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase was examined in the muscle, liver, and heart. The total activity of the dehydrogenase in the heart, liver, or skeletal muscle was unchanged by exercise. However, exercise increased the basal activity levels of the dehydrogenase about 10-fold in muscle and 5-fold in heart. The basal dehydrogenase activity in the liver was unchanged by exercise. Activation of the dehydrogenase in both muscle and heart was statistically elevated after 30 min exercise and continued to increase during the remainder of the exercise bout. The basal activity of the dehydrogenase returned to resting levels by 10 min postexercise. The activation of the dehydrogenase in muscle and heart during exercise likely is due to dephosphorylation because activity of the enzyme in mitochondria isolated from exercised muscles reverts to control values when the mitochondria are incubated in the presence of ATP. Thus the increased leucine oxidation observed during exercise is due to activation of the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase by dephosphorylation. This is the first example of a large increase in branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase activity caused by a physiological process. This demonstrates that the muscle's latent capacity of oxidize branched-chain amino acids is much larger than previously thought and that this capacity is used in exercising muscle.

Locomotor activity levels and the dispersal of western screech-owls,Otus kennicottii

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES R. BELTHOFF ◽  
ALFRED M. DUFTY, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Levels

scholarly journals Deficiency of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor prevents ovariectomy-induced obesity in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. E350-E355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Isken ◽  
Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer ◽  
Rubén Nogueiras ◽  
Martin A. Osterhoff ◽  
Michael Ristow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Gonadal Steroid ◽  
Wild Type

Menopause and premature gonadal steroid deficiency are associated with increases in fat mass and body weight. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice also show reduced locomotor activity. Glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP) is known to play an important role both in fat metabolism and locomotor activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that the effects of estrogen on the regulation of body weight, fat mass, and spontaneous physical activity could be mediated in part by GIP signaling. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice and GIP-receptor knockout mice (Gipr−/−) were exposed to OVX or sham operation ( n = 10 per group). The effects on body composition, markers of insulin resistance, energy expenditure, locomotor activity, and expression of hypothalamic anorexigenic and orexigenic factors were investigated over 26 wk in all four groups of mice. OVX wild-type mice developed obesity, increased fat mass, and elevated markers of insulin resistance as expected. This was completely prevented in OVX Gipr−/− animals, even though their energy expenditure and spontaneous locomotor activity levels did not significantly differ from those of OVX wild-type mice. Cumulative food intake in OVX Gipr−/− animals was significantly reduced and associated with significantly lower hypothalamic mRNA expression of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) but not of cocaine-amphetamine-related transcript (CART), melanocortin receptors (MCR-3 and MCR-4), or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). GIP receptors thus interact with estrogens in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake in mice, and their blockade may carry promising potential for the prevention of obesity in gonadal steroid deficiency.

scholarly journals Peripheral blood metabolome predicts mood change-related activity in mouse model of bipolar disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Hagihara ◽  
Tomoyasu Horikawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Irino ◽  
Hironori K. Nakamura ◽  
Juzoh Umemori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mood Change ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Subjective Reports

AbstractBipolar disorder is a major mental illness characterized by severe swings in mood and activity levels which occur with variable amplitude and frequency. Attempts have been made to identify mood states and biological features associated with mood changes to compensate for current clinical diagnosis, which is mainly based on patients’ subjective reports. Here, we used infradian (a cycle > 24 h) cyclic locomotor activity in a mouse model useful for the study of bipolar disorder as a proxy for mood changes. We show that metabolome patterns in peripheral blood could retrospectively predict the locomotor activity levels. We longitudinally monitored locomotor activity in the home cage, and subsequently collected peripheral blood and performed metabolomic analyses. We then constructed cross-validated linear regression models based on blood metabolome patterns to predict locomotor activity levels of individual mice. Our analysis revealed a significant correlation between actual and predicted activity levels, indicative of successful predictions. Pathway analysis of metabolites used for successful predictions showed enrichment in mitochondria metabolism-related terms, such as “Warburg effect” and “citric acid cycle.” In addition, we found that peripheral blood metabolome patterns predicted expression levels of genes implicated in bipolar disorder in the hippocampus, a brain region responsible for mood regulation, suggesting that the brain–periphery axis is related to mood-change-associated behaviors. Our results may serve as a basis for predicting individual mood states through blood metabolomics in bipolar disorder and other mood disorders and may provide potential insight into systemic metabolic activity in relation to mood changes.

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