Comparisons of two in vitro cytotoxicity assays—The neutral red (NR) and tetrazolium MTT tests

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Borenfreund ◽  
H. Babich ◽  
N. Martin-Alguacil
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Red ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays ◽  
Mtt Tests

The Development and Evaluation of In Vitro Tests by the FRAME Alternatives Laboratory

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Richard H. Clothier ◽  
Karen A. Atkinson ◽  
Michael J. Garle ◽  
Rachel K. Ward ◽  
Angela Willshaw
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Detergent Association ◽  
Assay Methods

This review outlines the work which has been conducted in the FRAME Alternatives Laboratory during the first ten years of the FRAME Research Programme. A number of in vitro tests, including the kenacid blue, neutral red release and fluorescein leakage assay methods, have been evaluated and have subsequently been included in validation schemes organised by the US Soap and Detergent Association, the US Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, the European Commission and the European Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association, as well as in the Scandinavian multicentre evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity testing scheme. More recently, research has been undertaken in the areas of phototoxicity, immunotoxicity, dermal toxicity and intercellular communication, in addition to investigations into fundamental mechanisms of toxicity.

scholarly journals Folate-modified, curcumin and paclitaxel co-loaded PLA-TPGS nanoparticles: preparation, optimization and in vitro cytotoxicity assays

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 025004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Doan Do ◽  
Hao Le Thi ◽  
Thu Huong Le Thi ◽  
Hoai Nam Nguyen ◽  
Van Khanh Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays

scholarly journals Punicalagin Regulates Key Processes Associated with Atherosclerosis in THP-1 Cellular Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Sanaa Almowallad ◽  
Etimad Huwait ◽  
Rehab Al-Massabi ◽  
Salma Saddeek ◽  
Kalamegam Gauthaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays ◽  
Monocyte Migration ◽  
Ifn Γ

Atherosclerosis may lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the primary cause of death globally. In addition to conventional therapeutics for CVD, use of nutraceuticals that prevents cholesterol deposition, reduce existing plaques and hence anti-atherosclerotic effects of nutraceuticals appeared to be promising. As such, in the present study we evaluated the beneficial effects of punicalagin, a phytochemical against an atherosclerotic cell model in vitro. Cytotoxicity assays were examined for 10 µM concentration of punicalagin on THP-1 macrophages. Real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expressions. Monocyte migration and cholesterol efflux assays were performed to investigate punicalagin’s further impact on the key steps of atherosclerosis. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated no significant toxicity for punicalagin (10 µM) on THP-1 macrophages. Punicalagin inhibited the IFN-γ-induced overexpression of MCP-1 and ICAM-1 in macrophages by 10 fold and 3.49 fold, respectively, compared to the control. Punicalagin also reduced the MCP-1- mediated migration of monocytes by 28% compared to the control. Percentages of cellular cholesterol efflux were enhanced in presence or absence of IFN-γ by 88% and 84% compared to control with 58% and 62%, respectively. Punicalagin possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. Punicalagin also did not exhibit any cytotoxicity and therefore can be considered a safe and potential candidate for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.

A Comparison of In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays and Their Application to Water Samples

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Hunt ◽  
Christina Chrzanowska ◽  
Christopher R. Barnett ◽  
Helen N. Brand ◽  
John K. Fawell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cloning Efficiency ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Vital Dye

A group of 13 compounds were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity in four test systems; MIT-24 test, inhibition of cell growth (protein method), inhibition of cell growth (vital dye method) and cloning efficiency. In general, all four assays tended to rank compounds in a similar order for toxicity. The length of the exposure period appeared to be important for some compounds. The cytotoxicity of a variety of water samples was examined in two tests; inhibition of cell growth (vital dye method) and cloning efficiency. Under the conditions in which the assays were carried out, the latter proved to be the more sensitive test. River water samples gave little or no indication of cytotoxicity, samples of domestic sewage effluent gave some evidence of cytotoxicity, while an industrial effluent was markedly cytotoxic.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Properties of CurNQ for the Theranostic Application in Ovarian Cancer Intervention

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4471
Author(s):  
Lara G. Freidus ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Thashree Marimuthu ◽  
Priyamvada Pradeep ◽  
Viness Pillay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cancer Targeting ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Intervention

Synthesis of a novel theranostic molecule for targeted cancer intervention. A reaction between curcumin and lawsone was carried out to yield the novel curcumin naphthoquinone (CurNQ) molecule (2,2′-((((1E,3Z,6E)-3-hydroxy-5-oxohepta-1,3,6-triene-1,7-diyl) bis(2-methoxy-4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(naphthalene-1,4-dione). CurNQ’s structure was elucidated and was fully characterized. CurNQ was demonstrated to have pH specific solubility, its saturation solubility increased from 11.15 µM at pH 7.4 to 20.7 µM at pH 6.8. This pH responsivity allows for cancer targeting (Warburg effect). Moreover, CurNQ displayed intrinsic fluorescence, thus enabling imaging and detection applications. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the chemotherapeutic properties of CurNQ as CurNQ reduced cell viability to below 50% in OVCAR-5 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines. CurNQ is a novel theranostic molecule for potential targeted cancer detection and treatment.

scholarly journals The Addition of Cocoa, Glycerol, and Saccharose to the Tobacco of Cigarettes: Implications for Smoke Chemistry, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Mutagenicity and Further Endpoints

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Roemer ◽  
S Wittke ◽  
E TrellesSticken ◽  
JJ Piade ◽  
T Bonk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Uptake Assay

AbstractThe cigarette ingredients cocoa powder, glycerol, and saccharose were investigated regarding their potential effect on the resulting mainstream smoke, i.e., smoke chemistry (Hoffmann analytes), mammalian cell cytotoxicity (Neutral Red Uptake assay), and bacterial mutagenicity (Ames assay). Each ingredient was added at three concentrations to the tobacco of a 6 mg and 10 mg ‘tar’ yield experimental American blend filter cigarette (obtained under ISO/FTC smoking regime). The lowest application concentration was equivalent to the normal approximate use level of the ingredients; the highest application level was up to 5-fold higher. The resulting data were compared with the respective control cigarettes without addition of the ingredients. The addition of cocoa powder did not lead to any consistent effects on the measured mainstream smoke analytes. Neither the in vitro cytotoxicity nor the in vitro mutagenicity was affected by cocoa addition. The addition of glycerol resulted in a decrease in the delivery of several smoke constituents (generally around 20%), e.g. aldehydes, phenolics, and N-nitrosamines. Water in the particulate phase (TPM) was distinctly increased (up to +150%). The cytotoxicity of the TPM was decreased (approx. !15%). Mutagenicity was not affected. Saccharose addition consistently increased formaldehyde delivery in smoke by up to 40% and decreased tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines by up to approximately 20%. The increase in formaldehyde is discussed in the context of the human smoker. The cytotoxicity was not affected by the addition of saccharose, while the mutagenicity of the TPM was decreased in tester strain TA98 with metabolic activation (!15%). The results are in agreement with currently available literature. Some investigations summarized in this publication are novel and have not yet been reported in the literature. Based on the total evidence, it can be concluded that the three ingredients added at their current use levels do not increase the inherent toxicity of the cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility of various ferrite nanoparticles evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity assays using HeLa cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 321 (10) ◽  
pp. 1482-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asahi Tomitaka ◽  
Atsuo Hirukawa ◽  
Tsutomu Yamada ◽  
Shin Morishita ◽  
Yasushi Takemura
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays

In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on a MgLi-X Alloy System Developed as a New Kind of Biological Metal

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Luo ◽  
Qing Qing Zhang ◽  
Yan Chang Zhang ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Xiao Qing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alloy System ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Biodegradable Metals ◽  
Tissue Implantation ◽  
Mtt Tests

Magnesium alloys have a good application prospect in the fields of bone implants and cardiovascular stents due to their excellent properties, such as close density and elastic modulus to those of nature bone, high specific strength and rigidity, biodegradation and biocompatibility. In this paper, the feasibility of the use of the forged Mg-Li-X alloys (Mg-Li-Al-Zn-Ca-Sr) as biodegradable metals was investigated by immersion tests in the Hanks solution and skin-tissue implantation tests. The methods of SEM-EDS and XRD were used to research the corrosion morphology and corrosion products of the forged Mg-Li-X alloys after the in-vitro and in-vivo tests. At last, the in-vitro cytotoxicity was investigated by the MTT tests on L929 cells. Results showed that corrosion mechanism of the forged Mg-Li alloys was pitting and the surfaces were covered by Mg (OH)2,CaCO3and Ca (H2PO4)2. During the 5 weeks implantation period, the rats survived from the operation, which indicates that the elements and the compounds formed are non-toxic to the rats. The forged Mg-Li alloy showed Grade 0~1 cytotoxicity, which manifests the forged Mg-Li alloy has good biocompatibility and eligible toxicity for implant applications.

Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity assays for contact lens multi-purpose solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. e23
Author(s):  
Ling C. Huang ◽  
Mercedes Salvador-Silva ◽  
Charles H. Powell ◽  
Lisa Hoong ◽  
Rosanne M. Yetemian
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lens ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays
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