Assessment of Skin Irritation and Sensitisation Effects by Topical Pterostilbene

Pterostilbene has dermal medicinal benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative effects and photoprotective properties against UVB radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dermal toxicity of pterostilbene via skin irritation and sensitisation. A skin irritation test was done according to the Organization Economic Co-operation and Development 404 guideline with the scoring of irritation based on erythema and oedema in 5 albino rabbits were observed up to 14 days. The sensitisation test using the Buehler Test in accordance with the ISO 10993-10 guideline was used to study the sensitisation effect of pterostilbene on the skin surface of albino guinea pigs. According to the primary dermal irritation index (PDII), the positive control group was classified with severe irritation (scorings of 7.71). No irritation was observed for the negative control and the 5% pterostilbene treated groups. But, a slight irritation reaction with PDII scorings of 0.86 was observed in the 10% pterostilbene treated group. The sensitisation study indicated that pterostilbene did not produce any sensitisation signs, thus classified as a non-sensitiser agent according to the Magnusson & Kligman classification. Pterostilbene-treated skin also did not indicate any signs of irritation and sensitisation. In conclusion, pterostilbene did not cause dermal toxicity upon application on the skin.

Evaluation of Comparative Dermal Toxicity and Efficacy of Aargwadhadi Oil and Aargwadhadi Ointment

Introduction: Skin diseases are among the most common of all health illness in recent years, In Ayurveda, management of skin diseases includes internal and external administration. External administration includes various topical applications However, herbal medicines are not completely safe from adverse effects and develop irritation, rashes, redness and burning sensation on the skin as observed in recent researches.“Hence there is a requirement of a safe drug which should be economical & affordable for all. Hence present study is undertaken to study dermal toxicity profile Aargwadhadi oil and Aargwadhadi ointment in an experimental animal and make available safe and efficient drug to the human being. Aim and Objective: Pharmaceutical development, standardization and evaluation of acute, sub-acute dermal toxicity and efficacy of a Aargwadhadi oil and Aargwadhadi ointment and compare efficacy and safety of Aargwadhadi oil and Aargwadhadi ointment. Materials and Methods: Aargwadhadioil and Aargwadhadi Ointment will be prepared as per classical reference and it will be converted into ointment form. Analytical study for standardization of Aargwadhadi oil and Aargwadhadi ointment will be done. Evaluation of Acute and sub-acute dermal toxicity study in experimental animals of both dosage forms as well, efficacy study of Aargwadhadi oil and Aargwadhadi ointment on animal model of vitiligo will be done. Observations and Results: Observation will be done on the basis of assessment criteria evaluation of control group and experimental group will be noted. Results will be drawn on the basis of observations and applying suitable tests. It will be noted and presented in form of table, charts, graphs etc. Conclusion: Conclusion of the study will be drawn accordingly from the recorded observations, analysis of data.

Acute Toxicity Study of Bioactive Galactomannans From Two Non-Traditional Leguminosae Sources

Galactomannans from Caesalpinia pulcherrima (GM-CP) and Delonix regia (GM-DR) are being pointed as potential therapeutic agents, but systematic evaluations on their acute toxicity are yet to be reported. In order to evaluate the occurrence of systemic toxicity, groups of three female rats received oral GM-CP or GM-DR (300 mg kg-1), whereas the control group received vehicle. Since lethality was absent, other groups received doses of 2,000 mg kg-1, which also did not cause lethality. Collection of organs and blood samples were done at day 14. Dermal toxicity of the galactomannans was also evaluated (2,000 mg kg-1, n=3 per group), as well both mechanical hypernociception and inflammatory cell influx after administration of GM-CP or GM-DR via intra-articular route (200 µg, n = 5 per group). At the routes and doses employed, both galactomannans did not evoke physiological / behavioral changes or skin / joint inflammation. Since the LD50 was not inferior to 2,000 mg kg-1, both galactomannans are in the class 5 of the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.

Investigating auranofin for the treatment of infected diabetic pressure ulcers in mice and dermal toxicity in pigs

Bacterial infection of pressure ulcers (PUs) are a notable source of hospitalization for individuals with diabetes. This study evaluated the safety profile and efficacy of auranofin to treat diabetic PUs infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). PUs were infected with MRSA in diabetic TALLYHO/JngJ mice and then treated with topical auranofin (2%), topical mupirocin (2%), or oral clindamycin (30 mg/kg) for four days. PUs were harvested post-treatment to enumerate bacterial burden and determine expression of cytokines/growth factors. Landrace cross pigs were exposed topically to auranofin (1%, 2%, and 3%) for 4–14 days and evaluated for signs of localized or systemic toxicity. Auranofin eradicated MRSA in PUs within four days (7.92-log10 reduction) in contrast to mupirocin (2.15-log10 reduction) and clindamycin (0.73-log10 reduction). Additionally, auranofin treatment resulted in decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of biomarkers associated with re-epithelization of wounded tissue, confirmed with histopathologic analysis. No significant histopathologic lesions were present on porcine skin sites exposed to topical auranofin. Additionally, minimal accumulation of plasma gold and no systemic toxicity was observed in pigs exposed to topical auranofin. Auranofin appears to be a potent and safe topical agent to further investigate for treatment of mild-to-moderate MRSA-infected diabetic PUs.

SETTING OF PARAMETERS OF ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY OF THE POWDER BASED ON IODOFORM

The article presents the results of establishing the parameters of acute and subacute toxicity of the powder based on iodoform. Determination of acute toxicity parameters of the drug "Iodomin" were performed on 30 white mice 2-3 months of age, weighing 20-23 g and 30 white rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 170-190 g. The drug was administered intragastrically, once, pre-dissolved in water. As a result of studies to determine acute toxicity by oral administration, it was found that, after administration of the drug in doses of 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg, all animals remained alive. No changes in the clinical condition of the animals of the experimental groups were observed. The DL50 of ''Iodomin" powder is more than 5000 mg/kg. In conducted studies did not reveal the death of animals, respectively, the tested drug belongs to the IV class of toxicity (low toxicity). Studies on the determination of acute dermal toxicity of Iodomine were performed in accordance with the requirements of OECD № 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity: Fixed Dose Procedure, 2017). Studies have shown that skin application of powder "Iodomin" at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight did not cause death, appearance of toxic effects. According to GHS the drug belongs to the 5th category. In the study of subacute toxicity, the drug was administered intragastrically, daily, pre-dissolved in water. On the 4th day of the experiment, in two experimental groups was a significant decrease in heart weight, which may be associated with functional load, and in group 2 (5-fold from therapeutic dose), along with that was a significant increase in liver mass, decreased concentration hemoglobin in the erythrocyte, creatinine in the blood, increased ALT activity. To determine the harmful effects of Iodomin powder on the mucous membrane of the eye were used 3 rabbits, to which the drug was administered in the amount of 2 drops in the conjunctival sac of the left eye. The harmful effect of the tested substance on the mucous membrane of the eyes was assessed by the appearance of hyperemia, edema and secretions according to the scoring system. When applying the suspension on the mucous membrane of the eye, it was found out, that after 24-48 hours the drug does not cause irritation. Also was found that the studied agent does not cause hyperemia, edema and changes in blood vessels. It's established that the powder "Iodomin" does not cause harmful effects on the mucous membranes of the eye.