Serological response of patients infected with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4

SUMMARYFifty-eight sera, from 29 chickens originating from two layer flocks known to be naturally infected withSalmonella enteritidisphage type (PT) 4, were examined for antibodies toS. enteritidis. Using the techniques of immunoblotting and ELISA, antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ofS. enteritidiswere detected in 43 of 58 sera. Antibodies were of the IgG class and bound to the S. enteritidis LPS antigen 0=12. Bacterial agglutination reactions using whole-cell preparations ofS. enteritidisandS. pullorum, correlated with anti-LPS antibody reactions as detected by immunoblotting and ELISA. A rapid means of screening chicken sera for antibodies to the LPS ofS. enteritidisas an indicator of infection is discussed.

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Genomic Analyses of Salmonella enteritidis Phage Type 4 Strains from Austria and Phage Type 8 Strains from the United States

Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie ◽

10.1016/s0934-8840(97)80004-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 285 (3) ◽

pp. 379-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. Buchrieser ◽

R. Brosch ◽

O. Buchrieser ◽

A. Kristl ◽

J.B. Luchansky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Phage Type ◽

The United States ◽

Genomic Analyses

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Salmonella Enteritidis in Meat, Poultry, and Pasteurized Egg Products Regulated by the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service, 1998 through 2003

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-70.3.582 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 582-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

PATRICIA L. WHITE ◽

ALECIA L. NAUGLE ◽

CHARLENE R. JACKSON ◽

PAULA J. FEDORKA-CRAY ◽

BONNIE E. ROSE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Phage Type ◽

Control Point ◽

Electrophoretic Pattern ◽

Electrophoretic Analysis ◽

Critical Control Point ◽

Egg Products ◽

Inspection Service ◽

The U.S

The U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) tests for Salmonella in meat, poultry, and egg products through three regulatory testing programs: the Pathogen Reduction–Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (PR-HACCP) program, the ready-to-eat program for meat and poultry products, and the pasteurized egg products program. From 1998 through 2003, 293,938 samples collected for these testing programs were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella enterica serotypes. Of these samples, 12,699 (4.3%) were positive for Salmonella, and 167 (1.3%) of the positive samples (0.06% of all samples) contained Salmonella Enteritidis. The highest incidence of Salmonella Enteritidis was observed in ground chicken PR-HACCP samples (8 of 1,722 samples, 0.46%), and the lowest was found in steer-heifer PR-HACCP samples (0 of 12,835 samples). Salmonella Enteritidis isolates were characterized by phage type, pulsed-field gel electrophoretic pattern, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Phage typing of 94 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates identified PT13 (39 isolates) and PT8 (36 isolates) as the most common types. One isolate from a ready-to-eat ham product was characterized as PT4. Electrophoretic analysis of 148 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates indicated genetic diversity among the isolates, with 28 unique XbaI electrophoretic patterns identified. Of these 148 isolates, 136 (92%) were susceptible to each of 16 antimicrobials tested. Two isolates were resistant to ampicillin alone, and 10 isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. Isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis from FSIS-regulated products emphasizes the need for continued consumer education on proper food handling and cooking practices and continued work to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella in meat, poultry, and pasteurized egg products.

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Occurrence and Characterization of Salmonella from Chicken Nuggets, Strips, and Pelleted Broiler Feed

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-70.10.2251 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 2251-2258 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

O. BUCHER ◽

R. A. HOLLEY ◽

R. AHMED ◽

H. TABOR ◽

C. NADON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Phage Type ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Pfge Pattern ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Chicken Nuggets ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Chicken Nugget ◽

Pelleted Feed ◽

Broiler Feed

Raw, frozen chicken nuggets and strips have been identified as a significant risk factor in contracting foodborne salmonellosis. Cases of salmonellosis as a result of consuming partly cooked chicken nuggets may be due in part to Salmonella strains originating in broiler feed. This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence and characterize the strains of Salmonella contaminating chicken nuggets, strips, and pelleted feeds, in an attempt to demonstrate whether the same Salmonella strains present in broiler feed could be isolated from raw, frozen chicken nuggets and strips available for human consumption. Salmonellae were recovered using the Health Canada MFHPB-20 method for the isolation and identification of Salmonella from foods. Strains were characterized by serotyping, phage typing, antimicrobial resistance typing (R-typing), and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonellae were isolated from 25-g samples in 27% (n = 92) of nugget and strip samples, 95% (n = 20) of chicken nugget meat samples, and from 9% (n = 111) of pelleted feed samples. Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Salmonella Orion were the most commonly isolated serovars from chicken nuggets and strips, nugget and strip meat, and pelleted broiler feeds, respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis phage type (PT) 13a with PFGE pattern SENXAI.0006 and R-type sensitive as well as Salmonella Enteritidis PT13a with PFGE pattern SENXAI.0068 and R-type sensitive were isolated from pelleted feed, and chicken nugget and strip meat in two separate instances. Data showed that Salmonella strains isolated from broiler feed were indistinguishable from strains isolated from packaged raw, frozen chicken nuggets and strips. However, results did not rule out the possibility that breeding stock or contamination during processing may have contributed to chicken meat contamination by Salmonella.

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Salmonellosis outbreak due to Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 14b resistant to nalidixic acid, Austria, September 2010

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.16.34.19952-en ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (34) ◽

Author(s):

L Hrivniaková ◽

D Schmid ◽

A Luckner-Hornischer ◽

H Lassnig ◽

C. Kornschober ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Phage Type ◽

Binary File

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

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Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enteritidis Phage Types by Plasmid Analysis, Ribotyping, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.36.8.2314-2321.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 2314-2321 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

A. M. Ridley ◽

E. J. Threlfall ◽

B. Rowe

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Phage Type ◽

Plasmid Profile ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Single Type ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

Phage Types ◽

Reference Strains

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to resolveXbaI and SpeI macrorestriction fragments from 60 defined phage type (PT) reference strains of Salmonella enteritidis. The level of discrimination was compared to that afforded by plasmid profile analysis and ribotyping. Twenty-eight distinct XbaI pulsed-field profiles (PFPs) were observed, although a single type, PFP X1, predominated. Absence of the 57-kbspv-associated fragment was observed for three PT reference strains, and the profile was designated PFP X1A. The XbaI macrorestriction profiles of a further four PT reference strains were altered by the presence of plasmid-associated bands. Twenty-sixSpeI-generated PFPs (plus one subtype) were observed for the same strains. No SpeI fragment corresponding to the 38-MDa serovar-specific plasmid was detected. The distribution ofXbaI and SpeI profiles did not always correspond, producing a total of 32 combined PFPs for the 60 PT reference strains. This compared with a total of 18 different plasmid profiles and three PvuII ribotypes generated by the same strains. The results of this study indicate that PFGE may offer an improved level of discrimination over other genotypic typing methods for the epidemiological typing of S. enteritidis.

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Salmonella Enteritidis in England and Wales: increases in unusual phage types in 2002

Weekly releases (1997–2007) ◽

10.2807/esw.06.45.01958-en ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (45) ◽

Author(s):

S O’Brien ◽

L Ward

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Phage Type ◽

Enteric Pathogens ◽

Public Health Laboratory ◽

England And Wales ◽

Laboratory Service ◽

The Public ◽

Phage Types

Although Salmonella Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4, responsible for the major epidemic during the late 1980s and early 1990s (1), has continued to decline, there have been increases in a number of the more unusual phage types of S. Enteritidis (2). Isolates of S. Enteritidis PT 3, 6a, 13a and 14b and 21 confirmed by the Public Health Laboratory Service Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (PHLS LEP) in England have all increased during 2002 (table 1) (3).

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