PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI DAGING KEONG MAS (Pomacea canaliculata L) DAN DAGING AYAM TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ORGANOLEPTIK DAN NILAI GIZI NUGGET

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the effect of golden apple snail and chicken meat substitution on the organoleptic characteristics and nutritional values of chicken nuggets. This study used a single factor completely randomized design (CRD), with five levels of treatment, namely P0 (0% golden apple snail meat: 50% chicken meat: 50% wheat flour), P1 (45% golden apple snail meat: 5% chicken meat: 50% flour), P2 (40% golden apple snail meat: 10% chicken meat: 50% flour), P3 (35% golden apple snail meat: 15% chicken meat: 50% flour), and P4 (30% golden apple snail meat: 52% chicken meat: 50% flour). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results show that the substitution treatment of golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata l.) and chicken meat had a very significant effect on increasing color, taste, aroma, and texture. The P1 treatment (45% golden apple snail meat; 5% chicken meat and 50% wheat flour) was the most preferred treatment by panelists with preference scores of color, aroma, texture, and taste reached 3.74 (like), 3.93 (like), 3.68 (like), and 3.68 (like), respectively. Meanwhile, the analysis of the nutritional values shows that the selected treatment contained 30.68% water, 2.44% ash, 10.24% fat, 9.04% protein, and 47.6% carbohydrates. Based on the standard of SNI 01-6638-2002, the golden apple snail and chicken meat nuggets met the quality standards on water, ash, and protein contents.Keywords: golden apple snail meat, chicken meat, nuggets.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh subtitusi keong mas dan daging ayam terhadap karakteristik organoleptik dan nilai gizi pada pembuatan nugget. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal, dengan lima Perlakuan P0 (daging keong mas 0% : daging ayam 50% : tepung terigu 50%), P1 (daging keong mas 45% : daging ayam 5% : tepung terigu 50%), P2 (daging keong mas 40% : daging ayam 10% : tepung terigu 50%), P3 (daging keong mas 35% : daging ayam 15% : tepung terigu 50%) dan P4 (daging keong mas 30% : daging ayam 52% : tepung terigu 50%). Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan Substitusi daging keong mas (pomacea canaliculata l.) dan daging ayam berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap peningkatan warna, rasa, aroma dan tekstur.. Perlakuan P1 (daging keong mas 45%; daging ayam 5% dan tepung terigu 50%) merupakan perlakuan yang paling disukai panelis dengan skor penilaian kesukaan terhadap warna, aroma, tekstur dan rasa berturut-turut sebesar 3,74 (suka), 3,93 (suka), 3,68 (suka), 3,68 (suka), sedangkan berdasarkan analisis nilai gizi meliputi kadar air, abu, lemak, protein dan karbohidrat berturut-turut sebesar 30,68%, 2,44%, 10,24%, 9,04% dan 47,6%. Berdasarkan standar mutu SNI 01-6638-2002 produk nugget daging keong mas dan daging ayam telah memenuhi standar mutu pada kadar air, kadar abu, dan kadar protein. Sedangkan kadar lemak dan kadar karbohidrat belum memenuhi standar mutu SNI 01-6638-2002Kata kunci: daging keong mas, daging ayam, nugget.

Stability of Bioactive Compounds in Olive-Pomace Oil at Frying Temperature and Incorporation into Fried Foods

The stability of minor bioactive compounds in olive-pomace oils (OPOs) was evaluated at frying temperature under the conditions of a thermoxidation test. Bioactive compounds analyzed included squalene, tocopherols, sterols, triterpenic acids and alcohols, and aliphatic alcohols. In order to determine the amount of OPO bioactive compounds incorporated into foods after frying, three different kinds of frozen products were selected, i.e., pre-fried potatoes (French fries), pre-fried battered chicken nuggets, and chicken croquettes (breaded patties), and were used in discontinuous frying experiments. Results obtained in both the thermoxidation and frying studies showed high stability of triterpenic alcohols (erythrodiol and uvaol), oleanolic acid, and aliphatic alcohols, naturally present in OPOs. In all fried foods, the content of lipids increased after frying, as expected, although the extent of absorption of OPOs into fried foods and the exchange with food lipids depended on the food characteristics. Overall, frying with OPOs improved the nutritional properties of all products tested by increasing the level of oleic acid and by the incorporation of squalene, triterpenic acids and alcohols, and aliphatic alcohols, in significant quantities.

Evaluation of Certain Physico-chemical and Sensory Qualities of Chicken Nuggets Incorporated with Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Flour

Background: The present work was conducted to study the effect of incorporation of three different levels of black rice flour along with other non- meat ingredients on certain physico-chemical and sensory qualities of chicken nuggets. Methods: The chicken nuggets were prepared with the formulations i.e. control (0% black rice flour), T1 (1% black rice flour), T2 (3% black rice flour) and T3 (5% black rice flour). Emulsion stability (ES) and cooking yield were recorded for treated and control formulations on the day of preparation. The pH, water activity, TBARS value and sensory qualities were evaluated on day 1,5,10 and 15. Result: Addition of black rice flour at 1,3 and 5 per cent level resulted no adverse effect on physicochemical qualities of chicken nuggets. Sensory evaluation revealed that chicken nuggets could be prepared satisfactorily with addition of up to 5 per cent black rice flour without adversely affecting the organoleptic qualities of the products.

The Processing of Catfish into Nuggets as a Business Opportunity during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Catfish is a food ingredient that is readily widespread and can easily be cultivated, although the community might have relatively limited space. Catfish may also provide several business opportunities for the community amidst the covid-19 pandemic. One potentially profitable business idea is to process catfish into nuggets because nuggets are popular among both children and adults alike. Nuggets can also be used as a practical substitute for side dishes. This activity aims to provide training on how to process catfish into nuggets for the women from PKK (Family Welfare Development/Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga) and cadre programs in Lidah Wetan Gang VI, Lakarsantri, Surabaya. The program was held in PPT CERIA RT 3 RW 3, Lidah Wetan Gang VI, Lakarsantri, Surabaya. Before the training, all the necessary permits and information were obtained to ensure the program's success. The training activity shows how the catfish nuggets have a shape and texture of typical nuggets with their taste like chicken nuggets. However, what makes the catfish nuggets unique is that they still retain a slight distinctive catfish taste. It is expected that this activity will benefit the community, especially those interested in the catfish processing business.

KUALITAS SENSORIS NUGGET AYAM KUB

KUB chicken is the superior village chicken of the Agricultural Research and Development Agency with egg production reaching 180 eggs/ year. With this advantage, KUB chickens have been cultivated and developed since 2016. In addition to producing quite a lot of eggs, KUB chickens also have delicious meat to eat. One of the most popular processed chicken meat especially for children is chicken nuggets. KUB chicken nuggets were tested for sensory testing including color, texture, aroma and taste for several panelists. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design. The sensory test results showed that KUB chicken nuggets were preferred compared to commercial chicken nuggets. Keywords: KUB Chicken, Nuggets, Sensory quality

Phthalate and novel plasticizer concentrations in food items from U.S. fast food chains: a preliminary analysis

Background Fast food consumption is associated with biomarkers of ortho-phthalates exposures. However, the chemical content of fast food is unknown; certain ortho-phthalates (i.e., di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) have been phased out and replaced with other plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl terephthalate (DEHT)). Objective We conducted a preliminary study to examine ortho-phthalate and replacement plasticizer concentrations in foods and food handling gloves from U.S. fast food restaurants. Methods We obtained hamburgers, fries, chicken nuggets, chicken burritos, cheese pizza (n = 64 food samples) and gloves (n = 3) from restaurants and analyzed them for 11 chemicals using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results We found DEHT at the highest concentrations in both foods (n = 19; median = 2510 µg/kg; max = 12,400 µg/kg) and gloves (n = 3; range: 28–37% by weight). We detected DnBP and DEHP in 81% and 70% of food samples, respectively. Median DEHT concentrations were significantly higher in burritos than hamburgers (6000 µg/kg vs. 2200 µg/kg; p < 0.0001); DEHT was not detected in fries. Cheese pizza had the lowest levels of most chemicals. Significance To our knowledge, these are the first measurements of DEHT in food. Our preliminary findings suggest that ortho-phthalates remain ubiquitous and replacement plasticizers may be abundant in fast food meals. Impact statement A selection of popular fast food items sampled in this study contain detectable levels of replacement plasticizers and concerning ortho-phthalates. In addition, food handling gloves contain replacement plasticizers, which may be a source of food contamination. These results, if confirmed, may inform individual and regulatory exposure reduction strategies.

INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT TO BE FRIED TYPE ON THE RATE OF THERMAL OXIDATION OF OILS

Проведено исследование процесса термического окисления подсолнечного и кокосового масел при 175°С в условиях поточного обжаривания в них картофеля и куриных наггетсов с отбором проб растительного масла через каждый час работы. Для определения количества продуктов окисления был использован метод спектрофотометрии. Установлено, что после 10 ч проведения обжарки исследованные фритюрные масла были пригодны для дальнейшего использования (Е < 15). Показатель оптической плотности кокосового масла независимо от вида обжариваемого в нем продукта в течение всего эксперимента был ниже аналогичного показателя подсолнечного масла. Предложена оптимальная температура нагрева кокосового масла для обжаривания во фритюре – не более 0,9 от температуры точки дымления. Показано более активное накопление вторичных продуктов окисления во фритюрном масле при обжаривании продукта животного происхождения по сравнению с обжариванием продукта растительного происхождения, что можно объяснить наличием в составе картофеля ингибиторов окисления (пероксидаза, каталаза, витамин С). The study of the process of thermal oxidation of sunflower and coconut oils at 175°C under conditions of in-line frying of potatoes and chicken nuggets in them with the sampling of vegetable oil every hour of operation was carried out. To determine the amount of oxidation products the method of spectrophotometry was used. It was found that after 10 hours of roasting, the studied fryer oils were suitable for further use (E < 15). The optical density index of coconut oil, regardless of the type of product fried in it, was lower than that of sunflower oil throughout the experiment. The optimal heating temperature of coconut oil for deep frying is proposed-no more than 0,9 of the temperature of the smoking point. A more active accumulation of secondary oxidation products in deep-frying oil is shown when frying an animal product compared to frying a vegetable product, which can be explained by the presence of oxidation inhibitors (peroxidase, catalase, vitamin C) in the composition of potatoes.