The search for genetically transmitted vulnerability factors: Sibling correlations in continious performance test, span of apprehension, and trail making test performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Nuechterlein ◽  
R.F. Asarnow ◽  
R. Cantor ◽  
M.A. Spence ◽  
K.S. Subotnik
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Sibling Correlations ◽  
Trail Making

Trail Making Test Performance in Relation to Certain Experimenter, Test and Subject Variables

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Parsons ◽  
Harriet I. Maslow ◽  
Freda Morris ◽  
J. Peter Denny
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Order Of Administration

The Trail Making Test, previously reported highly effective in differentiating brain-damaged from non-brain-damaged Ss, was administered to 21 brain-damaged Ss and 63 non-brain-damaged Ss. Since the latter Ss performed at a level indistinguishable from that of the brain-damaged Ss, several studies were designed in an attempt to “explain” the poor performance of the non-brain-damaged Ss. The possible effects of behavioral agitation, anxiety, examiner differences, facility with letters of the alphabet, order of administration, and ego-involvement were investigated. Only anxiety was found to be significantly related to performance. However, in other analyses age, education, vocabulary, and degree of psychiatric disturbance were significantly related to performance. Until these variables are considered in the scoring system, it seems unlikely that the TMT will be effective as a general screening test for brain-damage.

scholarly journals Applicability of the Test of Variables of Attention – T.O.V.A in Brazilian adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia M. Memória ◽  
Henrique C.S. Muela ◽  
Natália C. Moraes ◽  
Valéria A. Costa-Hong ◽  
Michel F. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACT The functioning of attention is complex, a primordial function in several cognitive processes and of great interest to neuropsychology. The Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A) is a continuous computerized performance test that evaluates some attention components such as response time to a stimulus and errors due to inattention and impulsivity. Objective: 1) To evaluate the applicability of T.O.V.A in Brazilian adults; 2) To analyze the differences in performance between genders, age ranges, and levels of education; 3) To examine the association between T.O.V.A variables and other attention and cognitive screening tests. Methods: The T.O.V.A was applied to 63 healthy adults (24 to 78 years of age) who also underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Digit Span and Digit Symbol (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults – WAIS-III) and the Trail Making Test. Results: the T.O.V.A was little influenced by age or education, but was influenced by gender. The correlations between some T.O.V.A variables and the Digit Symbol and Trail Making test were weak (r-values between 0.2 and 0.4), but significant (p<0.05). There was no correlation with the Digit Span test. Conclusion: The T.O.V.A showed good applicability and proved adequate for evaluating attentional processes in adults.

Performance of Older Japanese American Adults on Selected Cognitive Instruments

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Kemmotsu ◽  
Yurika Enobi ◽  
Claire Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Fluency Test

AbstractThis study examined cognitive test performance of second- and third-generation Japanese American (JA) adults, a relatively homogeneous Asian American subgroup. Sixty-five JA and 65 non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults, ages between 45 and 91, were administered the Boston Naming Test-2 (BNT), Letter Fluency Test, Semantic Fluency Test, California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), and Trail Making Test. Levels of acculturation, quality of educational attainment, and generation status in the United States, were also collected. There were no significant differences in the scores between the two groups on the tests administered. JA and NHW groups, however, differed in the patterns of the associations between some of the test performance and demographic variables. JA adults showed a stronger age-score relationship on BNT, CVLT, and the BVMT-R. Furthermore, second-generation JA adults performed lower than the third-generation adults even after controlling for basic demographic variables on CVLT and Trail Making Test. Acculturation on the other hand did not explain score differences once demographic variables were considered. Our results suggest the importance of considering unique history and characteristics of ethnic groups, and interactions of the aging process and culture on tasks with different cognitive demands. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)

Heritability of Trail Making Test performance in multiplex schizophrenia families: implications for the search for an endophenotype

2009 ◽  
Vol 259 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Mendoza Quiñones ◽  
Yuranny Cabral Calderín ◽  
Mayelin Domínguez ◽  
Tania M. Bravo ◽  
Adnelys Reyes Berazaín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making

scholarly journals Brazilian norms and effects of age and education on the Hayling and Trail Making Tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle Zimmermann ◽  
Caroline de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Christian Haag Kristensen ◽  
Rochele Paz Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Data Reliability ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Test Errors ◽  
Research Assistants

Abstract Objectives To describe normative data for the Hayling Test and the Trail Making Test (TMT) in a sample of Brazilian adults, and to investigate the effects of age and education on test performance. Method A total of 313 (TMT) and 364 (Hayling) individuals with age ranges of 19-39, 40-59, and 60-75 years, and with at least 5 years of formal education, participated in this study. The tests were administered as part of a large battery of a normative project. Individuals were evaluated individually in silent, ventilated rooms at a university clinic. Instrument protocols were scored by trained research assistants and double-checked to ensure data reliability. Results There were major effects of age on the TMT (Time B, Errors B, B-A) and on the Hayling Test (Errors B/15, B/45), and major effects of education on the TMT (Time B, Errors B, B-A) and on the Hayling Test (Time A, Errors B/15, B/45). Interaction effects were found in Time B and B-A for the Hayling Test and in Time A for the TMT. Conclusions Age and education were critical for performance on both verbal and non-verbal executive functions.

Cognitive and motor improvement after retesting in normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a real change or merely a learning effect?

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Solana ◽  
Maria Antonia Poca ◽  
Juan Sahuquillo ◽  
Bessy Benejam ◽  
Carme Junqué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Real Change ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Motor Tests

Object The test-retest method is commonly used in the management of patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). One of the most widely used techniques in the diagnosis of this condition is evaluation of the patient's response to CSF evacuation by lumbar puncture (a so-called tap test or spinal tap). However, interpretation of improved results in subsequent evaluations is controversial because higher scores could reflect a real change in specific abilities or could be simply the result of a learning effect. Methods To determine the effect of testing-retesting in patients with NPH, the authors analyzed changes documented on 5 neuropsychological tests (the Toulouse-Pieron, Trail Making Test A, Grooved Pegboard, Word Fluency, and Bingley Memory tests) and several motor ability scales (motor performance test, length of step, and walking speed tests) in a series of 32 patients with NPH who underwent the same battery on 4 consecutive days. The same tests were also applied in 30 healthy volunteers. In both groups, the authors used the generalized least-squares regression method with random effects to test for learning effects. To evaluate possible differences in response depending on the degree of cognitive impairment at baseline, the results were adjusted by using the Mini-Mental State Examination scores of patients and controls when these scores were significant in the model. Results In patients with NPH there were no statistically significant differences in any of the neuropsychological or motor tests performed over the 4 consecutive days, except in the results of the Toulouse-Pieron test, which were significantly improved on Day 3. In contrast, healthy volunteers had statistically significant improvement in the results of the Toulouse-Pieron test, Trail Making Test A, and Grooved Pegboard test but not in the remaining neuropsychological tests. Patients in the healthy volunteer group also exhibited statistically significant improvement in the motor performance test but not in step length or walking speed. Conclusions No learning effect was found in patients with NPH on any of the neuropsychological or motor tests. Clinical improvement after retesting in these patients reflects real changes, and this strategy can therefore be used in both the diagnosis and evaluation of surgical outcomes.

Age Effects on Trail Making Test Performance

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Correlational Data ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Lower Intelligence ◽  
Group Comparisons

The Trail Making Test, used in differentiating brain-damaged from non-brain-damaged individuals, was administered to 150 non-brain-damaged subjects classified into five age decades to determine the effects of age on performance. Between-group comparisons as well as correlational data indicated that older subjects performed significantly more poorly than younger subjects. Significant small negative correlations of performance with education and intelligence suggested that lower intelligence and education also may adversely affect performance. Some implications of these findings for clinical neuropsychology are discussed.

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