scholarly journals Attentional factors and expanded trail making test performance: Preliminary findings with an unimpaired population

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-318
Author(s):  
S. Fokken ◽  
D. Stanczak
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making

Trail Making Test Performance in Relation to Certain Experimenter, Test and Subject Variables

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Parsons ◽  
Harriet I. Maslow ◽  
Freda Morris ◽  
J. Peter Denny
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Order Of Administration

The Trail Making Test, previously reported highly effective in differentiating brain-damaged from non-brain-damaged Ss, was administered to 21 brain-damaged Ss and 63 non-brain-damaged Ss. Since the latter Ss performed at a level indistinguishable from that of the brain-damaged Ss, several studies were designed in an attempt to “explain” the poor performance of the non-brain-damaged Ss. The possible effects of behavioral agitation, anxiety, examiner differences, facility with letters of the alphabet, order of administration, and ego-involvement were investigated. Only anxiety was found to be significantly related to performance. However, in other analyses age, education, vocabulary, and degree of psychiatric disturbance were significantly related to performance. Until these variables are considered in the scoring system, it seems unlikely that the TMT will be effective as a general screening test for brain-damage.

Performance of Older Japanese American Adults on Selected Cognitive Instruments

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Kemmotsu ◽  
Yurika Enobi ◽  
Claire Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Fluency Test

AbstractThis study examined cognitive test performance of second- and third-generation Japanese American (JA) adults, a relatively homogeneous Asian American subgroup. Sixty-five JA and 65 non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults, ages between 45 and 91, were administered the Boston Naming Test-2 (BNT), Letter Fluency Test, Semantic Fluency Test, California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), and Trail Making Test. Levels of acculturation, quality of educational attainment, and generation status in the United States, were also collected. There were no significant differences in the scores between the two groups on the tests administered. JA and NHW groups, however, differed in the patterns of the associations between some of the test performance and demographic variables. JA adults showed a stronger age-score relationship on BNT, CVLT, and the BVMT-R. Furthermore, second-generation JA adults performed lower than the third-generation adults even after controlling for basic demographic variables on CVLT and Trail Making Test. Acculturation on the other hand did not explain score differences once demographic variables were considered. Our results suggest the importance of considering unique history and characteristics of ethnic groups, and interactions of the aging process and culture on tasks with different cognitive demands. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)

Heritability of Trail Making Test performance in multiplex schizophrenia families: implications for the search for an endophenotype

2009 ◽  
Vol 259 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Mendoza Quiñones ◽  
Yuranny Cabral Calderín ◽  
Mayelin Domínguez ◽  
Tania M. Bravo ◽  
Adnelys Reyes Berazaín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making

scholarly journals Brazilian norms and effects of age and education on the Hayling and Trail Making Tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle Zimmermann ◽  
Caroline de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Christian Haag Kristensen ◽  
Rochele Paz Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Data Reliability ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Test Errors ◽  
Research Assistants

Abstract Objectives To describe normative data for the Hayling Test and the Trail Making Test (TMT) in a sample of Brazilian adults, and to investigate the effects of age and education on test performance. Method A total of 313 (TMT) and 364 (Hayling) individuals with age ranges of 19-39, 40-59, and 60-75 years, and with at least 5 years of formal education, participated in this study. The tests were administered as part of a large battery of a normative project. Individuals were evaluated individually in silent, ventilated rooms at a university clinic. Instrument protocols were scored by trained research assistants and double-checked to ensure data reliability. Results There were major effects of age on the TMT (Time B, Errors B, B-A) and on the Hayling Test (Errors B/15, B/45), and major effects of education on the TMT (Time B, Errors B, B-A) and on the Hayling Test (Time A, Errors B/15, B/45). Interaction effects were found in Time B and B-A for the Hayling Test and in Time A for the TMT. Conclusions Age and education were critical for performance on both verbal and non-verbal executive functions.

Age Effects on Trail Making Test Performance

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Correlational Data ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Lower Intelligence ◽  
Group Comparisons

The Trail Making Test, used in differentiating brain-damaged from non-brain-damaged individuals, was administered to 150 non-brain-damaged subjects classified into five age decades to determine the effects of age on performance. Between-group comparisons as well as correlational data indicated that older subjects performed significantly more poorly than younger subjects. Significant small negative correlations of performance with education and intelligence suggested that lower intelligence and education also may adversely affect performance. Some implications of these findings for clinical neuropsychology are discussed.

Comprehensive Trail Making Test performance in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury.

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Allen ◽  
Nicholas S. Thaler ◽  
Erik N. Ringdahl ◽  
Sally J. Barney ◽  
Joan Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Comprehensive Trail Making Test

scholarly journals Demographically Adjusted Norms for the Trail Making Test in Native Spanish Speakers from the U.S.-Mexico the U.S.-Mexico Border Region.

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-857
Author(s):  
P Suarez ◽  
M Diaz-Santos ◽  
M Marquine ◽  
A Umlauf ◽  
D Franklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Native Spanish Speakers ◽  
Fractional Polynomial ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Objective Despite the wide use of the Trail Making Test when assessing Spanish-speakers in the United States (US), there is a lack of normative data to interpret level of performance in this population. Here we describe the generation of regional norms for the Trail Making Test for native Spanish-speakers residing in the Southwest Mexico-Border Region of US. Method Participants were 252 healthy native Spanish speakers, 58% women, between the ages of 19 and 60, and ranging in education from 0-20 years, recruited in San Diego, CA and Tucson, AZ. All received instructions translated into Spanish. Demographic effects on test performance were examined univariably. T-scores were calculated using fractional polynomial equations to account for linear and any non-linear effects of age, education, and sex. Results Older age and lower education were associated with worse scores on both Trails A and Trails B. The newly derived T-Scores showed no association with demographic variables and displayed the expected 16% rates of impairment using a -1 SD cutpoint based on a normal distribution. By comparison, published norms for English-speaking non-Hispanic whites yielded impairment rates of 28% for Trails A and 35% for Trails B while norms for African Americans resulted in 18 % impairment for Trails A and 20% impairment for Trails B. Conclusions Demographically adjusted regional norms improve the utility and diagnostic accuracy of the TMT for use with native Spanish speakers in the US-Mexico Border region.

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