Skin barrier defect in atopic dermatitis: increased permeability of the stratum corneum using dimethyl sulfoxide and theophylline

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoshiike ◽  
Yosuke Aikawa ◽  
Jirot Sindhvananda ◽  
Hajime Suto ◽  
Kumiko Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Defect

Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization In Atopic Dermatitis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Nora Harfouch ◽  
Fouz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disorder ◽  
Colonization Rates

Background:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that induces several symptoms including pruritus and dryness, and is often associated with secondary cutaneous infections. AD is considered to be one of the most prevalent and studied skin diseases yet poorly understood, and its pathophysiology remains obscure. Even though other skin diseases (such as psoriasis) share the same pathologic factor -skin barrier defect - with atopic dermatitis, patients diagnosed with those diseases don't suffer infectious exacerbations like atopic patients do. Aim: Although many international researches have already discussed the relationship between staphylococcus aureus and AD, no studies about this subject in the Arabic region was documented. The aim of our study is to compare staphylococcus aureus colonization rates and densities between atopic dermatitis patients and non-atopic subjects, and to relate the colonization to the severity and duration of the disease. Materials and methods: This observational analytic study included 200 participants (99 diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and 101 control subjects without atopic dermatitis); nasal and skin swabs (lesional and non-lesional) were collected from patients, while nasal and only normal skin swabs were collected from controls. Positive swabs were assessed to determine the density of colonization. Results: 57.6% of patients had nasal colonization, 56.6% had lesional colonization and 30.3% had normal skin colonization. Nasal colonization rates and densities were higher in the patients group. We detected a correlation between colonization and severity of eczema, but no correlation between colonization and duration of the disease was detected. Conclusion: The high rates and densities of staphylococcus aureus colonization in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients point out the role of these organisms in the pathophysiology of the disease, put antibiotics on the treatment list of atopic dermatitis and explain infectious features in AD exacerbations.

scholarly journals 129 Characterisation of the skin barrier defect in atopic dermatitis using in vivo ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
pp. S182
Author(s):  
S. Danby ◽  
H. Wan ◽  
J. Chittock ◽  
K. Brown ◽  
A. Wigley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Defect

scholarly journals JAK-STAT Inhibitors in Atopic Dermatitis from Pathogenesis to Clinical Trials Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szalus ◽  
Magdalena Trzeciak ◽  
Roman J. Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disorder

A common disease worldwide is known as atopic dermatitis (AD), named also as atopic eczema, which is a chronic recurrent complex inflammatory skin disorder. It affects 2–10% of the adult population and up to 20% of the pediatric population. The clinical AD picture appears in typically localized eczema and dry skin, and is dominated by a persistent pruritus followed by sleep disturbances. AD strongly impacts on the quality of life of AD patients and their families as well as on social and economic aspects. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and consists of multiple interactions between immunological disturbances, skin barrier defect, and microbial dysbiosis with environmental influences. The treatment of AD reflects the pathogenetic disorders, starting from basic emollient therapy, and goes to topical anti-inflammatory regimens followed by phototherapy, systemic immunosuppressive drugs, and new biologic immunomodulators. This paper will thus summarize the novel collection of biological treatment JAK-STAT inhibitors dedicated to AD.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Atopic Dermatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxiu Ji ◽  
Xiao-Kang Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Pruritic Skin

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic skin disorder affecting many people especially young children. It is a disease caused by the combination of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and skin barrier defect. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests oxidative stress may play an important role in many skin diseases and skin aging, possibly including AD. In this review, we give an update on scientific progress linking oxidative stress to AD and discuss future treatment strategies for better disease control and improved quality of life for AD patients.

Multifunctional chitosan-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for spatiotemporally controlled codelivery of ceramide and C-phycocyanin to treat atopic dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seul Ki Min ◽  
Hoo Cheol Lee ◽  
Hyeongi Song ◽  
Hwa Sung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory disease associated with defective skin barrier. The co-administration of a lipid-enhancing skin barrier composed of ceramide with an anti-inflammatory agent is required to effectively treat atopic dermatitis. As atopic dermatitis treatment is affected by the dosage and frequency of medication, the development of nanoparticles that have long-term efficacy with a single dose would be advantageous. In this study, skin-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles codelivering ceramide and C-phycocyanin were developed to provide anti-inflammatory effects with no cytotoxicity, and their effect on stratum corneum formation in a rat atopic dermatitis model was examined. Analysis of the messenger RNA expression of keratinization factors demonstrated that the stratum corneum–formation effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles containing ceramide was similar to or higher than that of ceramide alone. Compared to the nanoparticles without C-phycocyanin, nanoparticles coated with C-phycocyanin and chitosan attenuated histamine release. In addition, despite frequent washing, the nanoparticles were well fixed to the epidermis after their administration. The results suggest that a single treatment with the combination of lipid therapy/anti-inflammatory nanoparticles is a convenient and high-efficiency means to increase stratum corneum formation in atopic dermatitis patients.

scholarly journals Nanodelivery Strategies for Skin Diseases with Barrier Impairment: Focusing on Ceramides and Glucocorticoids

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Cíntia Almeida ◽  
Patrícia Filipe ◽  
Catarina Rosado ◽  
Catarina Pereira-Leite
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Water Holding

The human epidermis has a characteristic lipidic composition in the stratum corneum, where ceramides play a crucial role in the skin barrier homeostasis and in water-holding capacity. Several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, exhibit a dysfunction in the lipid barrier with altered ceramide levels and increased loss of transepidermal water. Glucocorticoids are normally employed in the therapeutical management of these pathologies. However, they have shown a poor safety profile and reduced treatment efficiency. The main objective of this review is to, within the framework of the limitations of the currently available therapeutical approaches, establish the relevance of nanocarriers as a safe and efficient delivery strategy for glucocorticoids and ceramides in the topical treatment of skin disorders with barrier impairment.

scholarly journals Management of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: The Role of Emollient Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Catherine Mack Correa ◽  
Judith Nebus
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disorder ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder that afflicts a growing number of young children. Genetic, immune, and environmental factors interact in a complex fashion to contribute to disease expression. The compromised stratum corneum found in atopic dermatitis leads to skin barrier dysfunction, which results in aggravation of symptoms by aeroallergens, microbes, and other insults. Infants—whose immune system and epidermal barrier are still developing—display a higher frequency of atopic dermatitis. Management of patients with atopic dermatitis includes maintaining optimal skin care, avoiding allergic triggers, and routinely using emollients to maintain a hydrated stratum corneum and to improve barrier function. Flares of atopic dermatitis are often managed with courses of topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. This paper discusses the role of emollients in the management of atopic dermatitis, with particular emphasis on infants and young children.

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