IMPROVING URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: URBAN FORESTRY AS URBAN IMPROVEMENT

1985 ◽  
pp. 609-616
Author(s):  
Edmund N. Hilliard
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Environments

scholarly journals Growing Value: Describing The Nature Of The Relationship Between Street-Level Greenery and Housing Prices in Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Bridgwater
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Street Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aerial Perspective

The role of urban forestry has become increasingly important in the context of sustainability, both from an environmental context, and from a developmental context. Greenery in an urban environment has demonstrable implications for health, air quality, aesthetics, and land value, as described broadly across the literature. Until recently, studies on green urban canopies and housing prices have been limited in their methodology by using aerial-perspective data. The MIT Senseable City Lab in 2015 developed the Treepedia project, which uses Google Street View images to quantify greenery levels in urban environments. Using the green view index (GVI) data from the Treepedia project, street-level greenery densities were compared against housing prices across Toronto. Models for different property types, accounting for characteristic, locational, and demographic variables, were estimated. It was determined that a statistically significant relationship between street-level greenery and housing prices exists in Toronto for detached homes, semi-detached homes, row/townhouse units, condo apartments, and condo townhouses.

Dictionary for Managing Trees in Urban Environments

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny B Draper ◽  
Peter A Richards
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Tree Management ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
Plant Sciences ◽  
Management Policies

Dictionary for Managing Trees in Urban Environments is a comprehensive list of terms used in the universal management of urban trees. Many of the terms are from arboricultural science, while others are derived from unproven but commonly applied concepts. Where the existing terminology to describe trees was limited or nonexistent, new terms have been introduced. This dictionary allows for broad application and use by a wide variety of people and conveys in plain language concepts that are sometimes complex. Most major terms have been cross referenced and diagrams have been added for greater understanding. While a number of pertinent botanical terms have been included, those readily found within dictionaries of general plant sciences and botany have been omitted. Dictionary for Managing Trees in Urban Environments promotes a greater understanding of arboriculture and urban forestry, and will assist in the preparation of reports for the management of trees, procedures and planning instruments, such as Tree Management Policies and Tree Management Orders.

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Aspects of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) Maintenance in Urban Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Biocca ◽  
Pietro Gallo ◽  
Giulio Sperandio
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Pinus Pinea ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
The City

The Italian Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) is one of the most employed ornamental trees in towns with Mediterranean climates. For example, in the city of Rome, Pinus is the most common genus, with more than 51,000 trees. This study investigates technical and economic features of maintenance operations of Stone Pines and evaluates the productivity and costs of the observed yards. Pruning and felling are the most frequent management operations of trees in towns and this study analyzes the features of these operations carried out in 14 work sites. The operations were carried out either with aerial platforms (19 trees) or ascending the crown by tree-climbing (6 trees). The operations were sampled with time studies (12 trees for pruning and 13 for felling). Work time was measured from the beginning of operations to the transport of the residual biomass to the collection and loading point, using centesimal stopwatches and video recording. The total residual biomass was weighed or assessed. Total observation time amounted to 63.1 hours. The evaluation of the costs of each work site considered the fixed and the variable costs and the costs for the labor force. A Multiple Linear Regression model (statistics: determination coefficient R2: 0.74, adjusted R2: 0.67, p-value < 0.001) which utilizes four regressors easily evaluable before the work, was adopted to predict the gross time of the operations. This paper can contribute to optimize trees maintenance methods in urban sites and to assess the potential residual wood biomass attainable from urban forestry maintenance in the city of Rome.

Understanding Soils in Urban Environments

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pam Hazelton ◽  
Brian Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soils ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil properties such as water retention, salinity and acidity are not just issues for agriculture and forestry. They are equally as significant in creating environmental and structural problems for buildings and other engineering works. As an increasing proportion of the world's population is living in cities, and building and related infrastructure development continues, these problems assume ever-greater importance. In addition, existing works contribute to urban soil erosion and pollution as well as increased levels of urban runoff. Understanding Soils in Urban Environments explains how urban soils develop, change and erode. It describes their physical and chemical properties and focuses on specific soil problems, such as acid sulfate soils, that can cause environmental concern and also affect engineering works. It also addresses contemporary issues such as green roofs, urban green space and the man-made urban soils that plants may need to thrive in. It provides a concise introduction to all aspects of soils in urban environments and will be extremely useful to students in a wide range of disciplines, from soil science and urban forestry and horticulture, to planning, engineering, construction and land remediation, as well as to engineers, builders, landscape architects, ecologists, planners and developers.

Tree planting indices and their effects on summer park thermal environment: A case study of a subtropical satellite city, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2097761
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Bin Cheng ◽  
Chunlu Wang ◽  
Xinyu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sky View Factor

Urban residents are suffering from serious thermal stress resulting from urban heat island and global warming. Investigators have explored several methods to address this issue. Vegetation, especially trees, were found to play a vital part in urban environments. It produces a cooling effect by reducing temperature and radiation levels. To find thermal performances of trees in detail, this study physically measured two urban parks during August 2019 in a satellite city of China regarding their thermal environments relevant to tree planting indices. There were three planting indices used, sky view factor, leaf area index and enclosure area. Through associating them with thermal indicators by linear regression, all of the indices were confirmed to have significant thermal effects. Every 0.1 increase in sky view factor resulted in an increase of 1°C air temperature, 0.16 m/s air velocity, 40 W/m2 solar radiation level and 1.6°C mean radiant temperature. Same effects were found in nearly 0.4 leaf area index decrease and approximately 20 m2 enclosure area increase. These results provide very optimistic directions for future urban forestry planning and landscaping.

scholarly journals Assessing climate risk to support urban forests in a changing climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez ◽  
Paul Rymer ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
David Barton ◽  
Paloma Cariñanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Species Vulnerability ◽  
Tree Dieback

The management of urban forests is a key element of resilience planning in cities across the globe. Urban forests provide ecosystem services as well as other nature-based solutions to 4.2 billion people living in cities. However, to continue to do so effectively, urban forests need to be able to thrive in an increasingly changing climate. Trees in cities are vulnerable to extreme heat and drought events, which are predicted to increase in frequency and severity under climate change. Knowledge of species’ vulnerability to climate change, therefore, is crucial to ensure provision of desired ecosystem benefits, improve species selection, maintain tree growth and reduce tree mortality, dieback and stress in urban forests. Yet, systematic assessments of causes of tree dieback and mortality in urban environments are rare. We reviewed the state of knowledge of tree mortality in urban forests globally, finding very few frameworks that enable detection of climate change impacts on urban forests and no long-term studies assessing climate change as a direct driver of urban tree dieback and mortality. The effects of climate change on urban forests remain poorly understood and quantified, constraining the ability of governments to incorporate climate change resilience into urban forestry planning.

scholarly journals Growing Value: Describing The Nature Of The Relationship Between Street-Level Greenery and Housing Prices in Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Bridgwater
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Street Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aerial Perspective

The role of urban forestry has become increasingly important in the context of sustainability, both from an environmental context, and from a developmental context. Greenery in an urban environment has demonstrable implications for health, air quality, aesthetics, and land value, as described broadly across the literature. Until recently, studies on green urban canopies and housing prices have been limited in their methodology by using aerial-perspective data. The MIT Senseable City Lab in 2015 developed the Treepedia project, which uses Google Street View images to quantify greenery levels in urban environments. Using the green view index (GVI) data from the Treepedia project, street-level greenery densities were compared against housing prices across Toronto. Models for different property types, accounting for characteristic, locational, and demographic variables, were estimated. It was determined that a statistically significant relationship between street-level greenery and housing prices exists in Toronto for detached homes, semi-detached homes, row/townhouse units, condo apartments, and condo townhouses.

Understanding Soils in Urban Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pam Hazelton ◽  
Brian Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sulfate Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical

With an ever-increasing proportion of the world’s population living in cities, soil properties such as salinity, acidity, water retention, erosion and pollution are becoming more significant in urban areas. While these are known issues for agriculture and forestry, as urban development increases, it is essential to recognise the potential of soil properties to create problems for the environment as well as structural concerns for buildings and other engineering works. Understanding Soils in Urban Environments explains how urban soils develop, change and erode. It describes their physical and chemical properties with a focus on specific soil problems that cause environmental damage, such as acid sulfate soils, and also affect the integrity of engineering structural works. This fully revised second edition addresses contemporary issues, including an increase in the use of green roofs and urban green space as well as manufactured soils in a variety of urban environments. Understanding Soils in Urban Environments provides a concise introduction to all aspects of soils in urban environments and will be extremely useful to students in a wide range of disciplines, from soil science and urban forestry and horticulture, to planning, engineering, construction and land remediation, as well as to engineers, builders, landscape architects, ecologists, planners and developers.

The influence of natural and urban environments on attentional processing of emotional stimuli

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrono Nu ◽  
Katie Mullin ◽  
Hailey Edwards ◽  
Kailey Kornhauser ◽  
Russell Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environments ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Attentional Processing

Minimetrò in Perugia as leverage for urban regeneration

TERRITORIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 148-163
Author(s):  
Luca Fondacci
Keyword(s):  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Peripheral Area ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Centre

In the 1970s, the fragile historical centre of the city of Perugia was a key area where the binomial of sustainable mobility and urban regeneration was developed and applied. At the turn of the xxi century, the low carbon automatic people-mover Minimetrò broadened that application from the city's historical centre to the outskirts, promoting the enhancement of several urban environments. This paper is the outcome of an investigation of original sources, field surveys and direct interviews, which addresses the Minimetrò as the backbone of a wide regeneration process which has had a considerable impact on the economic development of a peripheral area of the city which was previously devoid of any clear urban sense. The conclusion proposes some solutions to improve the nature of the Minimetrò as an experimental alternative means of transport.

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