Crop nitrogen use efficiency for sustainable food security and climate change mitigation

2022 ◽  
pp. 47-72
Author(s):  
Bhumika Madan ◽  
Aakansha Malik ◽  
Nandula Raghuram
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Change Mitigation

scholarly journals Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in rice agriculture driven by high yields and nitrogen use efficiency: a 5 year field study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 18883-18911 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
Z. Zhou ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Rice Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Intensity ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Net Global Warming Potential

Abstract. Our understanding of how net global warming potential (NGWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) is affected by management practices aimed at food security with respect to rice agriculture remains limited. In the present study, a 5 year field experiment was conducted in China to evaluate the effects of integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM) on NGWP and GHGI after accounting for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from all sources (methane, CH4, and nitrous oxide, N2O, emissions, agrochemical inputs, Ei, and farm operations, Eo) and sinks (i.e., soil organic carbon, SOC, sequestration). For the improvement of rice yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), four ISSM scenarios consisting of different nitrogen (N) fertilization rates relative to the local farmers' practice (FP) rate were carried out, namely, N1 (25 % reduction), N2 (10 % reduction), N3 (FP rate) and N4 (25 % increase). The results showed that compared with the FP, the four ISSM scenarios, i.e., N1, N2, N3 and N4, significantly increased the rice yields by 10, 16, 28 and 41 % and the agronomic NUE by 75, 67, 86 and 82 %, respectively. In addition, compared with the FP, the N1 and N2 scenarios significantly reduced the GHGI by 14 and 18 %, respectively, despite similar NGWPs. The N3 and N4 scenarios remarkably increased the NGWP and GHGI by an average of 67 and 36 %, respectively. In conclusion, the ISSM strategies are promising for both food security and environmental protection, and the ISSM scenario of N2 is the optimal strategy to realize high yields and high NUE together with low environmental impacts for this agricultural rice field.

scholarly journals Linking Soil Properties to Climate Change Mitigation and Food Security in Nepal

Environments ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Him Shrestha ◽  
Trishna Bhandari ◽  
Bhaskar Karky ◽  
Rajan Kotru
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Change Mitigation

scholarly journals Which practices co‐deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1532-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Smith ◽  
Katherine Calvin ◽  
Johnson Nkem ◽  
Donovan Campbell ◽  
Francesco Cherubini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Land Degradation And Desertification ◽  
Change Mitigation

scholarly journals Mitigation efforts will not fully alleviate the increase in water scarcity occurrence probability in wheat-producing areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaau2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Song Feng ◽  
Mikhail A. Semenov ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
Kurt Christian Kersebaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Representative Concentration Pathway ◽  
Occurrence Probability ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Change Mitigation

Global warming is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of severe water scarcity (SWS) events, which negatively affect rain-fed crops such as wheat, a key source of calories and protein for humans. Here, we develop a method to simultaneously quantify SWS over the world’s entire wheat-growing area and calculate the probabilities of multiple/sequential SWS events for baseline and future climates. Our projections show that, without climate change mitigation (representative concentration pathway 8.5), up to 60% of the current wheat-growing area will face simultaneous SWS events by the end of this century, compared to 15% today. Climate change stabilization in line with the Paris Agreement would substantially reduce the negative effects, but they would still double between 2041 and 2070 compared to current conditions. Future assessments of production shocks in food security should explicitly include the risk of severe, prolonged, and near-simultaneous droughts across key world wheat-producing areas.

Climate change-food security nexus in Burkina Faso.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (009) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid El-Bilali
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract Climate change is expected to have far-reaching impacts on food security. Such impacts are likely to be higher in developing countries. This paper analyses the state of research on the nexus between climate change and food security in Burkina Faso. In particular, it sheds light on whether and how the scholarly literature addresses the impacts of climate change on the four dimensions of food security (i.e. food availability, food access, food utilisation and stability). It also explores the synergies and trade-offs between climate change mitigation/adaptation and food security. A search performed in April 2020 on the Web of Science yielded 243 records and 62 of them, which resulted eligible, were included in the systematic review. The literature shows that climate change will affect all the four dimensions of food security. However, most of the analysed literature addresses its effects on food availability. Indeed, it focuses on impacts on crop yields and climate suitability for crops (e.g. maize, millet, sorghum). Moreover, most of the impacts on the remaining food security dimensions stem from the negative effects on food production and supply (cf. food availability). The review also shows that, on the one hand, climate change mitigation can undermine food security and, on the other hand, agriculture intensification and some adaptation strategies, which aim to enhance food security, might increase emissions from agriculture. The dual climate change-food security relationship calls for integrated policies that address trade-offs and optimise co-benefits between 'climate action' and 'zero hunger' in Burkina Faso.

Nitrogen use efficiency of different slurry management in the pre-alpine grassland region – a 15N tracing experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Zistl-Schlingmann ◽  
Steve Kwatcho-Kengdo ◽  
Mirella Schreiber ◽  
Bernd Berauer ◽  
Anke Jentsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>Grasslands of the alpine and pre-alpine region do not only sustain economic soil functions such as fodder production for local dairy and cattle farming but also important ecological soil functions such as water and nutrient retention, erosion and flood protection and habitat provision for extraordinarily high plant and animal biodiversity. The current management in the more intensively used grasslands in this region is based on fertilization with liquid cattle slurry, which is assumed to be prone to high N leaching and gaseous N emissions with their undesired consequences for soil, air and water quality.</p><p>In order to assess the nitrogen use efficiency and trade-offs such as greenhouse gas emissions and nitrate leaching of liquid slurry surface application under the auspices of climate change, we set up a <sup>15</sup>N cattle slurry labeling experiment, combined with a space for time climate change experiment using plant-soil mesocosms and lysimeters. The <sup>15</sup>N signal was traced in the plant-soil-microbe system for an entire year to assess productivity, plant nitrogen use efficiency, soil nitrogen retention and nitrogen losses. We found surprisingly low plant nitrogen use efficiency (recovery of less than ¼ of the applied <sup>15</sup>N in harvested plant biomass), soil N retention (ca ¼ <sup>15</sup>N recovery) and high environmental N losses (ca ½ of the <sup>15</sup>N tracer remained unrecovered). The estimates of N losses based on unrecovered <sup>15</sup>N were in good agreement with independent measurements of gaseous and hydrological N losses. Due to very high productivity and associated N exports with grass harvests, total N exports exceeded total N inputs. Such soil nitrogen mining was especially pronounced in the climate change treatments and was supported by increased soil nitrogen mineralization.</p><p>We also tested alternative slurry management (slurry injection into the soil, slurry acidification) that is supposed to increase nitrogen use efficiency. Slurry acidification but not slurry injection slightly increased plant nitrogen use efficiency and reduced nitrogen losses, however could overall not prevent significant soil nitrogen mining.</p><p>Consequently, both surface application and the more modern techniques of liquid cattle slurry fertilization showed low nitrogen use efficiency and promoted soil nitrogen mining. This is asking for a re-consideration of traditional fertilization regimes based on solid manure mixed with straw, a management that over historical timescales likely contributed to the build up of the large nitrogen stocks in pre-alpine grassland soils.</p>

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