Anxiety Disorders: Panic, Social Anxiety, and Generalized Anxiety

2008 ◽  
pp. 429-446
Author(s):  
Charles T. Taylor ◽  
Mark H. Pollack ◽  
Richard T. LeBeau ◽  
Naomi M. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

scholarly journals Anxiety related disorders in adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: a population based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabeel Al-Yateem ◽  
Wegdan Bani Issa ◽  
Rachel C Rossiter ◽  
Arwa Al-Shujairi ◽  
Hadia Radwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Anxiety disorders are common among children and adolescents. However, there is a paucity of up-to-date data on the prevalence and correlates of anxiety-related disorders among children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods We conducted a cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of specific anxiety-related disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety, social anxiety) in the UAE, and identify correlations between these disorders and adolescents’ demographic variables. Participants were 968 adolescents aged 13–18 years attending secondary schools across the UAE. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. We collected demographic information and data about participants’ anxiety levels. Anxiety was assessed using the Arabic and English versions of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders scale. Univariate analyses (independent sample t -tests and analysis of variance) were performed to evaluate factors affecting participants’ anxiety scores. Chi-square tests were used to compare proportions of anxiety disorders between boys and girls.Results Participants’ mean age was 16±1.8 years, and 65.8% were female. The overall prevalence of anxiety disorders was 28%, with this being significantly higher in girls (33.6%) than boys (17.2%) (p<.0001). Participants aged <16 years had higher generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, and social anxiety scores compared with those aged ≥16 years (p≤.05). Those from households with a maid had significantly higher generalized anxiety, panic disorder, separation anxiety, and significant school avoidance scores than those without a maid (p≤.05). In addition, participants from middle and low economic backgrounds had higher separation anxiety scores compared with children from high economic backgrounds (p≤.05). The multivariate analysis showed the main risk factors for anxiety were gender and caregiver.Conclusions We found a high incidence of anxiety-related disorders among school-aged adolescents in the UAE, with girls being more affected than boys. This suggests that age-appropriate initiatives are urgently needed to reduce the high rate of anxiety-related disorders. It may also be necessary to further investigate the two main risk factors for anxiety identified in this study (being female and non-parental caregivers).

The Effects of Exercise Training on Anxiety

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Herring ◽  
Jacob B. Lindheimer ◽  
Patrick J. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders

This review summarizes the extant evidence of the effects of exercise training on anxiety among healthy adults, adults with a chronic illness, and individuals diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. A brief discussion of selected proposed mechanisms that may underlie relations of exercise and anxiety is also provided. The weight of the available empirical evidence indicates that exercise training reduces symptoms of anxiety among healthy adults, chronically ill patients, and patients with panic disorder. Preliminary data suggest that exercise training can serve as an alternative therapy for patients with social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Anxiety reductions appear to be comparable to empirically supported treatments for panic and generalized anxiety disorders. Large trials aimed at more precisely determining the magnitude and generalizability of exercise training effects appear to be warranted for panic and generalized anxiety disorders. Future well-designed randomized controlled trials should (a) examine the therapeutic effects of exercise training among understudied anxiety disorders, including specific phobias, social anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder; (b) focus on understudied exercise modalities, including resistance exercise training and programs that combine exercise with cognitive-behavioral therapies; and (c) elucidate putative mechanisms of the anxiolytic effects of exercise training.

scholarly journals Anxiety related disorders in adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: a population based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabeel Al-Yateem ◽  
Wegdan Bani Issa ◽  
Rachel C Rossiter ◽  
Arwa Al-Shujairi ◽  
Hadia Radwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Anxiety disorders are common among children and adolescents. However, there is a paucity of up-to-date data on the prevalence and correlates of anxiety-related disorders among children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of specific anxiety-related disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety, social anxiety) in the UAE, and identify correlations between these disorders and adolescents’ demographic variables. Participants were 968 adolescents aged 13–18 years attending secondary schools across the UAE. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. We collected demographic information and data about participants’ anxiety levels. Anxiety was assessed using the Arabic and English versions of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders scale. Univariate analyses (independent sample t-tests and analysis of variance) were performed to evaluate factors affecting participants’ anxiety scores. Chi-square tests were used to compare factors associated with anxiety disorders.Results: Participants’ mean age was 16±1.8 years, and 65.8% were female. The overall prevalence of anxiety disorders was 28%, with this being significantly higher in girls (33.6%) than boys (17.2%) (p<0.0001). Participants aged <16 years had higher generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, and social anxiety scores compared with those aged ≥16 years (p≤0.05). Those from households with a maid had significantly higher generalized anxiety, panic disorder, separation anxiety, and significant school avoidance scores than those without a maid (p≤0.05). In addition, participants from middle and low economic backgrounds had higher separation anxiety scores compared with children from high economic backgrounds (p≤0.05). The multivariate analysis showed the main associated factors with anxiety were gender (being female, p<0.001) and caregiver (other than mother and father together, p<0.001). Conclusions: We found a high incidence of anxiety-related disorders among school-aged adolescents in the UAE, with girls being more affected than boys. This suggests that age-appropriate initiatives are urgently needed to reduce the high rate of anxiety-related disorders. It may also be necessary to further investigate the two main associated factors with anxiety identified in this study (being female and non-parental caregivers).

Clinical Management of Anxiety Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona Vas ◽  
Pooja N Dave
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear and anxiety accompanied by associated behavioral disturbances that cause significant impairment in social and occupational functioning. Anxiety is a complex mood state that involves physiologic, cognitive, and behavioral components. This review describes the five anxiety disorders most commonly diagnosed in adults: social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. Diagnostic criteria for these disorders are presented along with empirically supported psychological and pharmacologic treatment approaches. Decades of evidence have indicated that for anxiety disorders of mild to moderate severity, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) should be first-line treatment. CBT interventions for anxiety, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure, applied relaxation/breathing retraining, and skills training, are presented with descriptions of how they may be adapted to particular diagnoses, along with data for their efficacy. Data suggest that selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are pharmacologic treatments of choice for anxiety and may be used in combination with CBT for moderate to severe symptoms. d-Cycloserine is an emerging treatment that may enhance outcomes in anxiety disorders by optimizing exposure therapy through the facilitation of fear extinction. This review contains 7 figures, 12 tables, and 105 references. Key words: agoraphobia, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder

Clinical Management of Anxiety Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona Vas ◽  
Pooja N Dave
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear and anxiety accompanied by associated behavioral disturbances that cause significant impairment in social and occupational functioning. Anxiety is a complex mood state that involves physiologic, cognitive, and behavioral components. This review describes the five anxiety disorders most commonly diagnosed in adults: social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. Diagnostic criteria for these disorders are presented along with empirically supported psychological and pharmacologic treatment approaches. Decades of evidence have indicated that for anxiety disorders of mild to moderate severity, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) should be first-line treatment. CBT interventions for anxiety, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure, applied relaxation/breathing retraining, and skills training, are presented with descriptions of how they may be adapted to particular diagnoses, along with data for their efficacy. Data suggest that selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are pharmacologic treatments of choice for anxiety and may be used in combination with CBT for moderate to severe symptoms. d-Cycloserine is an emerging treatment that may enhance outcomes in anxiety disorders by optimizing exposure therapy through the facilitation of fear extinction. This review contains 7 figures, 12 tables, and 105 references. Key words: agoraphobia, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder

Anxiety and Other Distressing Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
John C. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Case Examples

This omnibus chapter covers anxiety disorders and other psychiatric disorders that may arise or be aggravated by the pandemic. Some anxiety is of course warranted in the midst of a crisis of ongoing risk and uncertainty; therapist and patient must try to separate appropriate from symptomatic anxiety. The chapter includes a discussion of prior IPT research for these disorders, appropriate IPT adaptations, and extended, detailed case examples illustrating the application of IPT to panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder. It also addresses how the pandemic may trigger or exacerbate other diagnoses for which IPT has shown benefit.

Effects of ketamine in patients with treatment-refractory generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders: Exploratory double-blind psychoactive-controlled replication study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Glue ◽  
Shona Neehoff ◽  
Amandine Sabadel ◽  
Lucy Broughton ◽  
Martin Le Nedelec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Response Profile ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Treatment Refractory ◽  
Serum Bdnf

Background: We previously reported that ketamine has anxiolytic effects in patients with treatment-resistant generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders. Aims: The purpose of this study was to replicate our earlier report about ketamine‘s anxiolytic activity, using a more robust study design. Methods: This was a double-blind, psychoactive-controlled ascending dose study in 12 patients with treatment-resistant generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders who were not currently depressed. Ascending doses of ketamine (0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/kg) were administered at weekly intervals, and midazolam 0.01 mg/kg, the control, was randomly inserted into the ketamine dose sequence. Assessments included ratings of anxiety and dissociation, safety and tolerability, and blood samples for ketamine pharmacokinetics and BDNF concentrations. Results: Improvements in anxiety ratings occurred within an hour of ketamine dosing, and persisted for up to 1 week. A dose-response profile was noted for anxiolytic effects, dissociative side effects, and changes in blood pressure and heart rate after ketamine dosing. Midazolam had minor brief effects on anxiety ratings. Ketamine was safe and well tolerated. Ketamine pharmacokinetics were correlated with dissociation ratings. Serum BDNF concentrations declined over time and were similar for all treatments. Conclusions: Ketamine may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with treatment-resistant generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders.

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