Metals extraction from waste button cell battery

2020 ◽  
pp. 327-339
Author(s):  
Tenzin Dolker ◽  
Deepak Pant
Keyword(s):  
Button Cell ◽  
Metals Extraction

3D localization for subcentimeter-sized devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Nandakumar ◽  
Vikram Iyer ◽  
Shyamnath Gollakota
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Phase Information ◽  
Noise Floor ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Coin Cell ◽  
3D Localization ◽  
Button Cell ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
5 Ghz

The vision of tracking small IoT devices runs into the reality of localization technologies---today it is difficult to continuously track objects through walls in homes and warehouses on a coin cell battery. Although Wi-Fi and ultra-wideband radios can provide tracking through walls, they do not last more than a month on small coin and button cell batteries because they consume tens of milliwatts of power. We present the first localization system that consumes microwatts of power at a mobile device and can be localized across multiple rooms in settings such as homes and hospitals. To this end, we introduce a multiband backscatter prototype that operates across 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5 GHz and can extract the backscatter phase information from signals that are below the noise floor. We build subcentimeter-sized prototypes that consume 93 μW and could last five to ten years on button cell batteries. We achieved ranges of up to 60 m away from the AP and accuracies of 2, 12, 50, and 145 cm at 1, 5, 30, and 60 m, respectively. To demonstrate the potential of our design, we deploy it in two real-world scenarios: five homes in a metropolitan area and the surgery wing of a hospital in patient pre-op and post-op rooms as well as storage facilities.

Battery-Related Injuries in Children and Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1665-1670
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Zimmermann ◽  
Danielle King ◽  
Caroline Crump
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Consumer Product ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
Injury Data ◽  
Button Cell

The aim of the current study was to analyze the circumstances behind battery injuries, including the mode of injuries experienced (e.g., a shock or consumption), as well as the battery types and products most frequently involved in battery injuries. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), a probability sample of US hospitals that collects information from emergency room (ER) visits related to a consumer product, was utilized. Injury data from the NEISS database was coded to identify a) the accident mode that led to the injury, b) the battery type involved, and c) the product that was powered by the battery or charger, if available. The data revealed that battery-related injuries were most often associated with (1) children consuming button cell batteries associated with toys and other household objects, and (2) adults becoming burned when handling vehicle batteries. Surprisingly, injuries associated with rechargeable batteries were the least frequent; however, when burns occurred, they were predominantly related to e- cigarettes, as well as vehicles. Results are discussed in terms of general exposure to specific battery types and products analyzing these battery types within each age group.

scholarly journals Microwave and Ultrasound Effect on Ammoniacal Leaching of Deep-Sea Nodules

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Anna Knaislová ◽  
Hong Vu ◽  
Petr Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Ammonium Thiosulfate ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Amino Complexes ◽  
Ammoniacal Leaching ◽  
Reverse Precipitation ◽  
Metals Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Effect

The influence of ultrasound and microwaves on extraction of copper, nickel, and cobalt from manganese deep-sea nodules by reductive ammoniacal leaching in the presence of ammonium thiosulfate as a reducing agent was studied. The ultrasonic ammoniacal leaching provides higher metals extraction, while the effect of microwaves on the metals extraction under the studied leaching conditions is insignificant. In general, increasing leaching temperature increases significantly extraction of the metals of interest. At high temperatures, extraction efficiencies of copper, nickel, and cobalt decrease over longer leaching duration as a result of decomposition of the metals amino-complexes and reverse precipitation of metals. However, during the ultrasonic leaching at a temperature of 85 °C, the extraction of nickel remains almost unchanged over longer leaching durations and does not follow the decreasing course, observed in the extraction of copper and cobalt. The finding suggests that nickel can be selectively extracted from the nodules by the ultrasonic leaching. The maximal extraction efficiency of copper, nickel, and cobalt was 83%, 71%, and 32%, respectively, when the reductive ultrasonic ammoniacal leaching was carried out at 85 °C for 90 min. In the presence of microwaves, the maximal extraction efficiency of copper, nickel, and cobalt was 67%, 48%, and 8%, respectively, when the reductive ultrasonic ammoniacal leaching was carried out at the output power of 60 W for 210 min.

An eco-friendly approach for metals extraction using polymeric nanofibers modified with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 786-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Nunes da Silva ◽  
Mariana Moro Bassaco ◽  
Daniel Assumpção Bertuol ◽  
Eduardo Hiromitsu Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Polymeric Nanofibers ◽  
Metals Extraction

scholarly journals FABRICATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF LiFePO4/Ga-LLZO/Li ALL-SOLID-STATE LITHIUM BUTTON CELL

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Ruziel Larmae Gimpaya ◽  
Shari Ann Botin ◽  
Rinlee Butch Cervera
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Total Conductivity ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Button Cell ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Discharging Capacity ◽  
Good Retention

An all-solid-state Lithium button cell with Ga-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (Ga-LLZO) as solid electrolyte, LiFePO4-based as cathode, and Li metal as anode has been successfully fabricated and characterized. The solid electrolyte was first optimized to obtain a high total conductivity. Different compositions of Li7-3xGaxLa3Zr2O12, where x =0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) were synthesized using solid-state reaction and were characterized for its structural, morphological, electrical conductivity properties. XRD patterns of all sintered samples showed that all of the major peaks can be indexed to a cubic-phased garnet LLZO. SEM images revealed a densified sintered samples with relative densities of about 90% for all samples. Among the different studied compositions, the Ga-doped LLZO with x = 0.1 achieved the highest total conductivity of about 2.03 x 10-4 Scm-1 at 25oC, with an activation energy of 0.31 eV. From this solid electrolyte, an all-solid-state Lithium battery, 2032 button cell, was fabricated using LiFePO4-based cathode and Lithium metal as the anode. Charging and discharging characteristics were performed at 1C, 0.5C, and 0.2C rates. The results showed a good retention of coloumbic efficiency even after 50 cycles of charge and discharge. The capacity retention is about 15-20% after 50 cycles. The best performance of the coin cell battery revealed an initial specific discharging capacity of about 140 mAh/g using C/5 rate.

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