Human Milk and Cow's Milk in Infant Nutrition

1961 ◽  
pp. 265-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICIE G. MACY ◽  
HARRIET J. KELLY
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk

COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-412
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Mere Existence ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Treatment of raw cow's milk with pancreatic proteolytic enzymes reduces curd tension to levels comparable to those achieved by many other methods suitable for the preparation of soft-curd milk. No other biologic or nutritional benefits have been shown to result from enzyme treatment of milk. No evidence is available for assigning any benefit in infant nutrition to the proteolytic activity naturally occurring in human milk or persisting in enzyme-treated cow's milk after pasteurization. Argument based on the mere existence of proteolytic enzymes in human milk cannot justify enthusiastic claims for use of enzyme-treated milk in infant feeding. The subject of enzymes in milk and their potential role in infant feeding has received scant attention; further study may reveal information which will call for reappraisal in the future.

Milk demystified by chemistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Michael Obladen
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Artificial Nutrition ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
The 19Th Century

This chapter traces the decline of milk from a heavenly elixir to a tradeable food. Early cultures regarded milk not as a simple nutrient, but a living fluid. Heroes and gods were believed to have been nurtured by animals after being abandoned. Character traits were assumed to be transmitted by milk, infantile diseases were attributed to ‘bad milk’, whereas ‘good milk’ was used as a remedy. With chemical methods developed at the end of the 18th century, it became known that human milk was higher in sugar and lower in protein than cow’s milk. During the 19th century, ‘scientific’ feeding emerged which meant modifying cow’s milk to imitate the proportion of nutrients in human milk. In Paris from 1894, Budin sterilized bottled infant milk. In Berlin in 1898, Rubner measured oxygen and energy uptake by calorimetry. These activities ignored the emotional dimension of infant nutrition and the anti-infective properties of human milk and may have enhanced the decline in breastfeeding, which reached an all-time low in 1971. Milk’s demystification made artificial nutrition safer, but paved the way for commercially produced infant formula.

Gastroduodenal Motility in Neonates: Response to Human Milk Compared With Cow's Milk Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
T. Tomomasa ◽  
P. E. Hyman ◽  
K. Itoh ◽  
J. Y. Hsu ◽  
T. Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Gastroduodenal Motility

It is known that breast milk empties more quickly from the stomach than does infant formula. We studied the difference in gastroduodenal motility between neonates fed with human milk and those fed with infant formula. Twenty-four five-to 36-day-old neonates were fed with mother's breast milk or with a cow's milk-based formula. Postprandlial gastroduodenal contractions were recorded manometrically for three hours. Repetitive, high-amplitude nonmigrating contractions were the dominant wave form during the postprandial period. The number of episodes, duration, amplitude, and frequency of nonmigrating contractions were not different following the different feedings. The migrating myoelectric complex, which signals a return to the interdigestive (fasting) state, appeared in 75% of breast milk-fed infants but only 17% of formula-fed infants (P < .05) within the three-hour recording period. Because contractions were similar following the two meals, but a fasting state recurred more rapidly in breast-fed infants, we conclude that factors other than phasic, nonpropagated antroduodenal contractions were responsible for the differences in gastric emptying between breast milk and formula.

Human Breast Milk Contains Bovine lgG. Relationship to Infant Colic?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Clyne ◽  
Anthony Kulczycki
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Infant Colic ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Previous studies have suggested that an unidentified cow's milk protein, other than β-lactoglobulin and casein, might play a pathogenetic role in infant colic. Therefore, a radioimmunoassay was used to analyze human breast milk and infant formula samples for the presence of bovine IgG. Milk samples from 88 of the 97 mothers tested contained greater than 0.1 µg/mL of bovine IgG. In a study group of 59 mothers with infants in the colic-prone 2- to 17-week age group, the 29 mothers of colicky infants had higher levels of bovine IgG in their breast milk (median 0.42 µg/mL) than the 30 mothers of noncolicky infants (median 0.32 µg/mL) (P < .02). The highest concentrations of bovine IgG observed in human milk were 8.5 and 8.2 µg/mL. Most cow's milk-based infant formulas contained 0.6 to 6.4 µg/mL of bovine IgG, a concentration comparable with levels found in many human milk samples. The results suggest that appreciable quantities of bovine IgG are commonly present in human milk, that significantly higher levels are present in milk from mothers of colicky infants, and that bovine IgG may possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of infant colic.

Manganese Absorption from Human Milk, Cow’s Milk and Infant Formulas

1988 ◽  
pp. 511-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Davidsson ◽  
Å. Cederblad ◽  
B. Lönnerdal ◽  
B. Sandström
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Cow's Milk

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF DONKEY’S MILK OF THE KEGETY GORGE

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 363-369
Author(s):  
Nadira Turganbaeva ◽  
Dinara Isakova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk

The objective of this paper was to study the amino acid composition of donkey milk inhabiting the Kegety gorge of the Chui region. As well as human milk, donkey and mare’s milk is albumin; the amount of casein is 35-45%, while cow’s milk is casein milk with casein content over 75%. The peculiarity of albumin milk is a higher biological and nutritional value, due to better amino acid balance, high sugar content and the ability to form small, delicate flakes when souring. In terms of its properties, albumin milk is closest to human milk and is the best substitute for it. The obtained results showed that the quantitative content of 7 essential amino acids out of 8, such as lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine is relatively high compared to other amino acids. Despite the absence of tryptophan in donkey milk, the percentage of 8 essential amino acids in donkey milk protein exceeds that in mare and cow’s milk.

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