Auditory predator cues affect monarch (Danaus plexippus; Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) development time and pupal weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 103740
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Lee ◽  
Alex K. Baranowski ◽  
Evan L. Preisser
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Predator Cues

Effects of Two Cultivated Brassica spp. on the Development and Performance of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Parasitizing Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2094-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu ◽  
Stephen T O Othim
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Diadegma Semiclausum ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThe diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L., is the most destructive pest affecting vegetable production in Kenya and around the world. Parasitoids have shown promising results in lowering the pest populations and damage caused by DBM. However, variations in host plant quality have been reported to have bottom-up effects up to the third and fourth trophic levels. We assessed the effects of two cultivated Brassica varieties (cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. cultivar ‘Gloria F1’ and kale, B. oleracea var. acephala L. cultivar ‘Thousand headed’) on the development and performance of the specialist pest P. xylostella and two exotic parasitoids Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) and Cotesia vestalis (Haliday). The exposed larval period of DBM took about 1.5 d longer on kale than cabbage and the total immature development time of both females and males was significantly longer on kale than cabbage. Higher pupal weight and higher fecundity were recorded on DBM fed on kale. Development time of D. semiclausum and C. vestalis was not affected by the host crop as was the parasitism rate of D. semiclausum. Heavier male pupae and larger adults of D. semiclausum, as well as more fecund adults of C. vestalis, were obtained from hosts fed on cabbage. Larger adults of C. vestalis were obtained from herbivores fed on kale. These results show potentially positive effects of host plant allelochemicals that are detrimental to herbivores while promoting parasitoid development and performance, which can be harnessed for the control of DBM.

Influence of Different Larval Feeding Regimes and Diet Presentation Methods on Chrysoperla Rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Development

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Greenberg ◽  
Donald A. Nordlund ◽  
E. G. King
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Chrysoperla Rufilabris ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Presentation Methods

Results of a comparative analysis of the effects of seven different larval feeding regimes on the development of individually reared Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) larvae are presented. Also, four methods for presenting liquid artificial diet (capillary tubes, sponge, agarose based jelly, and artificial eggs) are discussed. Development time, pupal weight, fecundity, and reproductive rate were higher for C. rufilabris larvae reared on the eggs of either Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) or Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) than for those reared on artificial diet. Diet presentation methods that show promise include agarose-based jelly and artificial eggs.

scholarly journals A walk on the wild side: gut bacteria fed to mass-reared larvae of Queensland fruit fly [Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)] influence development

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Alexander Shuttleworth ◽  
Mohammed Abul Monjur Khan ◽  
Terrence Osborne ◽  
Damian Collins ◽  
Mukesh Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Adult Eclosion

Abstract Background The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera, Tephritidae) is the most significant insect pest of Australian horticulture. Bactrocera tryoni is controlled using a range of tools including the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Mass-rearing and irradiation of pupae in SIT can reduce the fitness and quality of the released sterile insects. Studies have also showed reduced microbial gut diversity in domesticated versus wild tephritids. Results Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of the bacterial isolates in the mid-gut of mass-reared larvae, and plate counts from individual larval guts showed increased numbers of bacteria in supplemented larvae. Several developmental and fitness parameters were tested including larval development time (egg-hatch to pupation), pupal weight, emergence, flight ability, sex-ratio, and time to adult eclosion (egg-hatch to adult eclosion). Enterobacter sp. and Asaia sp. shortened larval development time, while this was delayed by Lactobacillus sp., Leuconostoc sp. and a blend of all four bacteria. The mean time from egg hatch to adult eclosion was significantly reduced by Leuconostoc sp. and the blend for males and females, indicating that the individual bacterium and consortium affect flies differently depending on the life stage (larval or pupal). There was no impact of bacterial supplemented larvae on pupal weight, emergence, flight ability, or sex ratio. Conclusions Our findings show that bacteria fed to the larval stage of B. tryoni can impart fitness advantages, but the selection of probiotic strains (individual or a consortium) is key, as each have varying effects on the host. Bacteria added to the larval diet particularly Leuconostoc sp. and the blend have the capacity to reduce costs and increase the number of flies produced in mass-rearing facilities by reducing time to adult eclosion by 1.3 and 0.8 mean days for males, and 1.2 and 0.8 mean days for females.

EFFECTS OF PROLONGED COLONIZATION, CROWDING, AND STARVATION ON DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL RATES OF CABBAGE LOOPERS, TRICHOPLUSIA NI (HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Tignor ◽  
J. L. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Larval Crowding ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The effect of colonization, crowding, and starvation on the development of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, was investigated. Differences in development time, pupal weight, mortality rate, and adult longevity between a laboratory and field colony were minimal. These differences are believed to be correctable through minimization of selection and precautions against pathogenic contamination during rearing, as well as, regular introduction of field collected insects into the laboratory colony. Stress produced by larval crowding and starvation in the laboratory colony produced a longer development time, increased mortality, and reduced pupal weight. Cannabalism of larvae, prepupae, and pupae was noted at higher crowding and starvation (stress) levels. Increased adult longevity at higher stress levels was also observed.

Comparative Analysis of Two Rearing Procedures for Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Shelton ◽  
R. J. Cooley ◽  
M. K. Kroening ◽  
W. T. Wilsey ◽  
S. D. Eigenbrode
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Larval Survivorship ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Rape Seedlings

Rape seedlings, Brassica napus L., and a wheat germ-based artificial diet were compared as media for rearing diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), for six generations. Mean pupal weight and total number of eggs laid per female were always greater when larvae were reared on artificial diet; however, percentage of eggs hatching was usually greater and development time usually shorter when larvae were reared on rape seedlings. High larval survivorship (>70%) could be obtained on either media. Larvae which were reared on artificial diet were consistently more susceptible to the insecticides methomyl and permethrin, indicating potential problems in using artificial diet for insecticide studies. When larvae were reared on either medium for six generations and then transferred to cabbage, larval survivorship was nearly equal, indicating that either method could be used for artificially incoculating plants for host plant resistance studies. Although it was easier and cheaper to rear DBM on artificial diet, recommendations for using one rearing method over the other must be based on the ultimate use of the colony.

Nutrient content of four rosaceous hosts and their effects on development and fecundity of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2868-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Segarra-Carmona ◽  
P. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Malacosoma Americanum ◽  
Eastern Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Developmental Parameters ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (Fab.), larvae reared on four rosaceous hosts differed in development time and survival under laboratory conditions. Fecundity and pupal weight were also affected by diet. Levels of nitrogen, carbohydrates, and fatty acids in host foliage as well as water content and caloric values were determined. No direct relationship was found between nutrient or caloric levels and developmental parameters.

Screening of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes) isolates against Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia I. Todorova ◽  
Daniel Coderre ◽  
Charles Vincent ◽  
Jean-Charles Côté
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Choristoneura Rosaceana ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Obliquebanded Leafroller ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Pupal Mortality

AbstractTwenty-three isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin from different hosts and geographical origins were evaluated under laboratory conditions for various aspects of virulence against 2- to 3-d-old third instars of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), a pest of apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae), and several other orchard crops in North America. When submerged in a solution containing 107 conidia/mL, all B. bassiana isolates caused more than 66% larval and pupal mortality 60 d following treatment. Isolates 14, 16, 1525, 2727, and 2990 caused the highest (80–89%) larval and pupal mortality against C. rosaceana. Relative to the control, isolate 63 significantly increased and isolate 44860 significantly decreased larval development time. Isolates 37, 2727, and 2990 significantly decreased C. rosaceana pupal weight. Isolates 139, 2727, and 2990 significantly decreased the number of emerging females. In view of their larvicidal effects, as well as their carry-over effects on pupae and adult females, isolates 2727 and 2990 showed the best mycoinsecticidal potential against C. rosaceana.

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