Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi among captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Hainan Province: High genetic diversity and zoonotic potential

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

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Zoonotic Potential of Influenza A Viruses: A Comprehensive Overview

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v10090497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 497 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Ahmed Mostafa ◽

Elsayed Abdelwhab ◽

Thomas Mettenleiter ◽

Stephan Pleschka

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Global Health ◽

Influenza A ◽

Viral Evolution ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Influenza A Viruses ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Human Interface ◽

Animal Hosts

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) possess a great zoonotic potential as they are able to infect different avian and mammalian animal hosts, from which they can be transmitted to humans. This is based on the ability of IAV to gradually change their genome by mutation or even reassemble their genome segments during co-infection of the host cell with different IAV strains, resulting in a high genetic diversity. Variants of circulating or newly emerging IAVs continue to trigger global health threats annually for both humans and animals. Here, we provide an introduction on IAVs, highlighting the mechanisms of viral evolution, the host spectrum, and the animal/human interface. Pathogenicity determinants of IAVs in mammals, with special emphasis on newly emerging IAVs with pandemic potential, are discussed. Finally, an overview is provided on various approaches for the prevention of human IAV infections.

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Prevalence, genetic diversity and implications for public health of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in various rodents from Hainan Province, China

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-020-04314-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wei Zhao ◽

Huanhuan Zhou ◽

Ling Yang ◽

Tianming Ma ◽

Jingguo Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽

Hainan Province

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Prevalence, genetic diversity and implications for public health of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in various rodents from Hainan Province, China

10.22541/au.159188464.49344102 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Zhao ◽

Huanhuan Zhou ◽

Ling Yang ◽

Tianming Ma ◽

Jingguo Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽

Hainan Province

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Genotyping and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle farmed in Hainan Province, the southernmost region of China

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2020065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Xin-Li Zheng ◽

Huan-Huan Zhou ◽

Gangxu Ren ◽

Tian-Ming Ma ◽

Zong-Xi Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Hainan Province ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Wide Range ◽

Genotype Identification ◽

Intestinal Pathogen ◽

Important Host ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an intestinal pathogen that infects a wide range of species, including humans. Cattle constitute an important host for E. bieneusi; however, there is a scarcity of information on the prevalence and genotyping of E. bieneusi in cattle in the Hainan Province of China. In this study, PCR analysis of 314 fecal samples from cattle in six cities of Hainan was performed for genotype identification. The average prevalence of E. bieneusi in these animals was 9.9% (31/314), and ranged from 0.0% (0/12) to 20.5% (8/39). Five known genotypes – EbpC (n = 14), BEB4 (n = 12), J (n = 2), I (n = 1), and CHG5 (n = 1) – and a novel genotype: HNC-I (n = 1) – were identified. Genotypes EbpC and HNC-I were placed in zoonotic Group 1, and the remaining four genotypes (BEB4, J, I, and CHG5) were placed in Group 2. Since 93.5% of the genotypes found in the cattle (29/31) (EbpC, BEB4, J, and I) have previously been found in humans, these genotypes are probably involved in the transmission of microsporidiosis to humans.

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