Malaria transmission and individual variability of the naturally acquired IgG antibody against the Plasmodium vivax blood-stage antigen in an endemic area in Brazil

Acta Tropica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 105537
Author(s):  
Edna Maria F. Costa ◽  
Ednei Charles C. Amador ◽  
Eliane S. Silva ◽  
Cassiana O. Alvarenga ◽  
Pedro Elias Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Igg Antibody

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in B Cell Co-Stimulatory Genes Are Associated with IgG Antibody Responses against Blood–Stage Proteins of Plasmodium vivax

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0149581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo C. Cassiano ◽  
Adriana A. C. Furini ◽  
Marcela P. Capobianco ◽  
Luciane M. Storti-Melo ◽  
Maristela G. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Igg Antibody

scholarly journals Malaria outbreaks in a non-endemic area of Brazil, 2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Ezequiel Limongi ◽  
Kátia Maria Chaves ◽  
Márcia Beatriz Cardoso de Paula ◽  
Fabíola Corrêa da Costa ◽  
Alcides de Assis e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Case ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Exposure Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Transmission

In March 2005, a resident of the municipality of Monte Alegre de Minas, State of Minas Gerais, without any history of traveling to endemic areas for malaria, was diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax infection and local mosquito-borne transmission was suspected. The epidemiological investigation identified another 10 cases with local transmission and all of them were related to the imported malaria case that was detected in this region. The potential exposure site was the banks of the river Tejuco, an area frequented by mineral prospectors. Some of these prospectors were known to have come from states with malaria transmission. In the autochthonous cases, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum were diagnosed. Entomological investigation identified Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) parvus. After the first outbreak, another three autochthonous cases were notified in municipality of Monte Alegre de Minas, in the same year. The occurrence of these outbreaks highlights the importance of surveillance systems in areas that are nonendemic for malaria.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pre-Erythrocytic Immunity During Plasmodium Vivax Infection Reveals a Diversity of Responses That is Partially Due to Blood Stage Cross-Reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Ventocilla ◽  
L. Lorena Tapia ◽  
Lisa Sperling ◽  
Reynaldo Ponce ◽  
Adriano Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle

Abstract BackgroundPlasmodium vivax (Pv) represents the most geographically widespread human malaria parasite. Targeting the pre-erythrocytic (PE) stage of the parasite life cycle is especially appealing for Pv vaccines as it would prevent disease and transmission. Here, we explore naturally acquired immunity to a panel of Pv PE antigens as a first step to enable vaccine development and to better understand naturally-acquired PE immunity.MethodsHumoral and cellular immunity were evaluated by ELISA and ELISpot, using samples from Pv infected individuals from a low endemic malaria region in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. In addition, we utilized experimental infection of Aotus non-human primates with Pv or P. falciparum (Pf) in order to evaluate the contribution of blood stage infection to the humoral response observed in human samples.ResultsIn our clinical samples, twelve PE antigens showed positive antibody reactivity with variable prevalence of 58–99%. The magnitude of the IgG antibody response against PE antigens was lower compared with blood stage antigens MSP1 and DBP-II although titers persisted better for PE antigens, six months later after infection (average decrease of 6% for PE antigens and 43% for MSP1) in general. A significant correlation between IgG antibodies and number of previous malaria episodes was observed only for blood stage antigens. High IgG responders across PE and blood stage antigens showed a significantly lower parasitemia compared to low responders (median 1873 vs 4663 par/µl). We observed a positive T cell response in 35% vs 9–35% of total volunteers against blood stage antigen MSP1 and PE antigens, respectively, and saw no correlation with IgG responses. Aotus monkeys infected with Pv blood stage showed positive reactivity against the seven PE antigens tested. In contrast, only 2 of 10 monkeys infected with Pf showed low positive IgG cross-reactivity against Pv MSP1 and none of which cross-reacted to Pv CSP.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate clear humoral and T cell responses against Pv PE antigens in individuals naturally infected with P. vivax. In addition, these results are largely replicated in a novel Aotus nancymaae Pv blood stage challenge model which suggest a contribution from blood stages to PE cross-reactivity. Together, these data clearly identify novel attractive PE antigens suitable for use in the development of new malaria vaccine candidates.

A Continuous, Long-Term Plasmodium vivax In Vitro Blood-Stage Culture: What Are We Missing?

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 921-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Thomson-Luque ◽  
Katy Shaw Saliba ◽  
Clemens H.M. Kocken ◽  
Erica M. Pasini
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Blood Stage

Congenital Malaria: A Rare Cause of Splenomegaly and Anemia in an American Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
D. Thompson ◽  
C. Pegelow ◽  
A. Underman ◽  
D. Powars
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Pregnancy Malaria ◽  
Congenital Malaria

A 38-day-old infant had fever, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and a hemolytic anemia. A peripheral blood smear demonstrated intraerythrocytic malarial parasites identified as Plasmodium vivax. Maternal and infant sera contained antibodies to this species. A directed history revealed the mother had suffered several febrile illnesses in Mexico during her pregnancy. Malaria had not been diagnosed nor was it considered at the time of her delivery at this hospital. Review of this and six other cases of congenital malaria reported in this country since 1950 indicates clinical manifestations seldom appear before 3 weeks of age. Although these signs are more frequently associated with other transplacental infections, their occurrence in an infant whose mother is from or who has traveled in an endemic area should prompt consideration of the diagnosis of congenital malaria.

scholarly journals Mapping Malaria Transmission Risk in Northern Morocco Using Entomological and Environmental Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Adlaoui ◽  
C. Faraj ◽  
M. El Bouhmi ◽  
A. El Aboudi ◽  
S. Ouahabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Very High

Malaria resurgence risk in Morocco depends, among other factors, on environmental changes as well as the introduction of parasite carriers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the receptivity of the Loukkos area, large wetlands in Northern Morocco, to quantify and to map malaria transmission risk in this region using biological and environmental data. This risk was assessed on entomological risk basis and was mapped using environmental markers derived from satellite imagery. Maps showing spatial and temporal variations of entomological risk for Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum were produced. Results showed this risk to be highly seasonal and much higher in rice fields than in swamps. This risk is lower for Afrotropical P. falciparum strains because of the low infectivity of Anopheles labranchiae, principal malaria vector in Morocco. However, it is very high for P. vivax mainly during summer corresponding to the rice cultivation period. Although the entomological risk is high in Loukkos region, malaria resurgence risk remains very low, because of the low vulnerability of the area.

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