scholarly journals Why does cue polarity information provide benefits in inference problems? The role of strategy selection and knowledge of cue importance

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina von Helversen ◽  
Linnea Karlsson ◽  
Rui Mata ◽  
Andreas Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Selection ◽  
Inference Problems

Using Speakers' Referential Intentions to Model Early Cross-Situational Word Learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Frank ◽  
Noah D. Goodman ◽  
Joshua B. Tenenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Mutual Exclusivity ◽  
Object Individuation ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Inference Problems ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Situational Learning

Word learning is a “chicken and egg” problem. If a child could understand speakers' utterances, it would be easy to learn the meanings of individual words, and once a child knows what many words mean, it is easy to infer speakers' intended meanings. To the beginning learner, however, both individual word meanings and speakers' intentions are unknown. We describe a computational model of word learning that solves these two inference problems in parallel, rather than relying exclusively on either the inferred meanings of utterances or cross-situational word-meaning associations. We tested our model using annotated corpus data and found that it inferred pairings between words and object concepts with higher precision than comparison models. Moreover, as the result of making probabilistic inferences about speakers' intentions, our model explains a variety of behavioral phenomena described in the word-learning literature. These phenomena include mutual exclusivity, one-trial learning, cross-situational learning, the role of words in object individuation, and the use of inferred intentions to disambiguate reference.

scholarly journals Emotion regulation strategy selection in daily life: The role of social context and goals

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy English ◽  
Ihno A. Lee ◽  
Oliver P. John ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Strategy Selection ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy

scholarly journals Anti-identity strategizing: The dynamic interplay of “who we are” and “who we are not”

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Stanske ◽  
Madeleine Rauch ◽  
Anna Canato
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Identity ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Strategy Selection ◽  
Discontinuous Change ◽  
Change Trajectories ◽  
Change Initiatives ◽  
Identity Ambiguity ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

In this article, we investigate the strategy–identity nexus by illustrating the interaction between organizational identity, anti-identity, and strategy. While extant research illustrates the potentially constraining role of organizational identity on change trajectories, less is known about the role of organizational anti-identity. Drawing on a qualitative case study of a leading German distributor’s 32-year history, we highlight the importance of organizational anti-identity for both continuous and discontinuous change initiatives, and illustrate how organizational members can overcome identity ambiguity by referring to “who we are not as an organization” rather than to “who we are as an organization.” We further show how managers who draw on identity reservoirs may have greater leeway when exploiting anti-identity, and how ambiguity and resistance may be overcome by referring to “who we are not” as an organization. Our findings broaden our understanding of the role of anti-identity for strategy selection and contribute to the burgeoning literature on the strategy–identity nexus.

scholarly journals Light deprivation related changes of strategy selection in the radial arm maze

2007 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
M Salami
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Radial Arm Maze ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strategy Selection ◽  
Female Behavior ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Sex Dependency ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

During the early postnatal age environmental signals underlie the development of sensory systems. The visual system is considered as an appropriate system to evaluate role of sensory experience in postnatal development of sensory systems. This study was made to assess the effect of visual deprivation on strategy of arm selection in navigation of radial arm maze. Six-week-old light- (LR, control) and dark-reared (DR) rats were trained for correct choices and adjacent arms tasks. Our results showed that both the LR and DR animals equally selected correct arms. In the adjacent arms task, however, the control group significantly outperformed the DR animals. While the LR males and females displayed some differences in performing the tasks, no sex dependency was found in the performance of the DR group. These findings indicate that the lack of visual experience is likely to influence the strategy selection as well as sex differences. Thus the difference in the performance of LR and DR animals seems to be due to the male rather than female behavior.

Early Interventionists’ Perspectives on Teaching Caregivers

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brook E. Sawyer ◽  
Philippa H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Strategy Selection ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Barriers To Teaching ◽  
Selection Factors

Relatively little is known about the role of early interventionists as teachers of caregivers. The current study was conducted to better understand interventionists’ perspectives about teaching caregivers. A national sample of 1,525 multidisciplinary interventionists completed an online questionnaire, which elicited information about interventionists’ preferences for use of caregiver teaching strategies, factors influencing decisions about teaching strategy use as well as comfort in, frequency of, and barriers to teaching caregivers. Use of a range of teaching strategies across contexts was reported. Differences emerged in teaching strategy preference based on experience in teaching specific skills and years of experience in early intervention. Ten themes emerged as rationales for teaching strategy selection. Interventionists reported moderate confidence in and frequency of caregiver teaching and few barriers to teaching. Results suggest a preference for use of multiple strategies and selection factors based on experience, perceived caregiver benefit, or other general factors such as interventionist preference.

scholarly journals The role of strategy selection, limb force capacity and limb positioning in successful trip recovery

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 873-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulien E. Roos ◽  
M. Polly McGuigan ◽  
Grant Trewartha
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Selection ◽  
Trip Recovery

scholarly journals Information entropy in cosmological inference problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (1) ◽  
pp. 1187-1198
Author(s):  
Ana Marta Pinho ◽  
Robert Reischke ◽  
Marie Teich ◽  
Björn Malte Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Information Entropy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weak Lensing ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Inference Problems ◽  
Cosmological Data ◽  
Competing Models

ABSTRACT The subject of this paper is a quantification of the information content of cosmological probes of the large-scale structures, specifically of temperature and polarization anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), CMB-lensing, weak cosmic shear and galaxy clustering, in terms of information theory measures like entropies. We aim to establish relationships between conventional measures of statistical uncertainties and information entropies for Gaussian likelihoods, which are described by the Fisher-formalism. Furthermore, we extend these studies to the computation of (Bayesian) evidences and the power of measurement to distinguish between competing models. We investigate in detail how cosmological data decrease information entropy by reducing statistical errors and by breaking degeneracies. In addition, we work out how tensions between data sets increase information entropy and quantify this effect in three examples: the discrepancy in Ωm and σ8 between the CMB and weak lensing, the role of intrinsic alignments in weak lensing data when attempting the dark energy equation of state parameters, and the famous H0-tension between Cepheids in the Hubble keystone project and the CMB as observed by Planck.

scholarly journals The role of verbal and performance intelligence in children's strategy selection and execution

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Luwel ◽  
Ageliki Foustana ◽  
Patrick Onghena ◽  
Lieven Verschaffel
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Selection ◽  
And Performance
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