ABSTRACT
Background
The treatment BP target in CKD remains unclear, and whether the benefit of intensive BP-lowering is comparable between CKD and non-CKD patients is debated.
Methods
Using the Korean National Health Information Database, 359,492 CKD patients who had received antihypertensives regularly were identified from 12.1 million participants of nationwide health screening. The composite risk of major cardiovascular events, kidney failure, and all-cause mortality was assessed according to timely-averaged, on-treatment systolic BP.
Results
Over 9-year follow-up, the composite outcome noted in 18.4% of 239,700 participants with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 18.9% of 155,004 with dipstick albuminuria. The thresholds of systolic BP, above which the composite risk increased significantly, in the reduced eGFR and the proteinuric population were 135 mm Hg and 125 mm Hg, respectively. For all-cause mortality, the respective thresholds were 145 mm Hg and 135 mm Hg. When comparing the composite risk between propensity score-matched groups, the hazard ratios of on-treatment BP of systolic 135–144 mm Hg (reference, 115–124 mm Hg) in the reduced eGFR and non-CKD pairs were 1.18 and 0.98, respectively (P = 0.13 for interaction), and those in the proteinuria and non-CKD pairs were 1.30 and 1.01, respectively (P = 0.003 for interaction).
Conclusions
The findings support the recommendation that, based on office BP, the systolic target in CKD with proteinuria is ≤ 130 mm Hg, and the target in CKD with no proteinuria is ≤ 140 mm Hg. The benefit of intensive BP-lowering may be greater in CKD patients particularly with proteinuria than in their non-CKD counterparts.
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