Measures of social desirability, achievement motivation and attribution of academic outcomes were administered to 415 Form Five students (201 men and 214 women) in secondary schools and a teachers' training college. The aim was to find out how the need to appear socially desirable correlated with the need to achieve and the attribution of academic outcomes for Nigerian students. Three patterns of relationship were discernible. Firstly, for men, there was a non-significant inverse relationship between the need to appear socially desirable and the attribution of academic outcomes, whereas, for women, the relationship was positive and significant, indicating that women appear to have a stronger need to attribute academic outcomes in ways that make them appear socially desirable. Another interpretation is that the need to appear socially desirable may tend to enhance the acceptance of personal responsibility for academic outcomes for men more than women. Secondly, the relationship between the need to appear socially desirable and the need to achieve was negative and significant for both men and women, indicating that both sexes seem to possess a need to achieve in socially desirable directions, even though the two needs develop inversely. Evidence from the literature points to the fact that such inverse development involving social desirability tends to be healthier for personality and behaviour. Thirdly, the correlation between attribution of academic outcomes and the need to achieve was nonsignificant for men but significant for women, indicating that the manner of attributing responsibility for academic outcomes is predictive of achievement motivation for women but not for men.