Multi-material additive-manufacturing of tungsten - copper alloy bimetallic structure with a stainless-steel interlayer and associated bonding mechanisms

Serious heat accumulation limits the further efficiency and application in additive manufacturing (AM). This study accordingly proposed a double-wire SS316L stainless steel arc AM with a two-direction auxiliary gas process to research the effect of three parameters, such as auxiliary gas nozzle angle, auxiliary gas flow rate and nozzle-to-substrate distance on depositions, then based on the Box–Behnken Design response surface, a regression equation between three parameters and the total score were established to optimized parameters by an evaluation system. The results showed that samples with nozzle angle of 30° had poor morphology but good properties, and increasing gas flow or decreasing distance would enhance the airflow strength and stiffness, then strongly stir the molten pool and resist the interference. Then a diverse combination of auxiliary process parameters had different influences on the morphology and properties, and an interactive effect on the comprehensive score. Ultimately the optimal auxiliary gas process parameters were 17.4°, 25 L/min and 10.44 mm, which not only bettered the morphology, but refined the grains and improved the properties due to the stirring and cooling effect of the auxiliary gas, which provides a feasible way for quality and efficiency improvements in arc additive manufacturing.

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Assessing the Co-Deformability of a Nickel-Based Superalloy-304L Stainless Steel Preform Manufactured through Laser Additive Manufacturing

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance ◽

10.1007/s11665-021-05951-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dipti Samantaray ◽

Bommakanti Aashranth ◽

Neelakandapillai Lekshmanan Parthasarathi ◽

Arun Kumar Rai ◽

Marimuthu Arvinth Davinci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

304L Stainless Steel ◽

Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽

Nickel Based Superalloy

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Microstructural and thermal expansion behaviour of graphene reinforced 316L stainless steel matrix composite prepared via powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

Results in Materials ◽

10.1016/j.rinma.2021.100200 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100200

Author(s):

Ajay Mandal ◽

Jitendar Kumar Tiwari ◽

Bandar AlMangour ◽

Abhradeep Das ◽

N. Sathish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Thermal Expansion ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

316L Stainless Steel ◽

Steel Matrix ◽

Powder Bed Fusion ◽

Powder Bed ◽

Thermal Expansion Behaviour ◽

Expansion Behaviour ◽

Steel Matrix Composite

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Influence of Duty Ratio and Current Mode on Robot 316L Stainless Steel Arc Additive Manufacturing

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11030508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 508

Author(s):

Ping Yao ◽

Hongyan Lin ◽

Wei Wu ◽

Heqing Tang

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Heat Input ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Single Pulse ◽

Pulse Mode ◽

Double Pulse ◽

Duty Ratio ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

Specimen Height

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is usually for fabricating components due to its low equipment cost, high material utilization rate and cladding efficiency. However, its applications are limited by the large heat input decided by process parameters. Here, four 50-layer stainless steel parts with double-pulse and single-pulse metal inert gas (MIG) welding modes were deposited, and the effect of different duty ratios and current modes on morphology, microstructure, and performance was analyzed. The results demonstrate that the low frequency of the double-pulse had the effect of stirring the molten pool; therefore, the double-pulse mode parts presented a bigger width and smaller height, finer microstructure and better properties than the single-pulse mode. Furthermore, increasing the duty ratio from 35% to 65% enlarged the heat input, which then decreased the specimen height, increased the width, and decreased the hardness and the tensile strength.

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