Global trends in vegetation fractional cover: Hotspots for change in bare soil and non-photosynthetic vegetation

2022 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 107719
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hill ◽  
Juan P. Guerschman
Keyword(s):  
Bare Soil ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Fractional Cover

scholarly journals The MODIS Global Vegetation Fractional Cover Product 2001–2018: Characteristics of Vegetation Fractional Cover in Grasslands and Savanna Woodlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hill ◽  
Juan P. Guerschman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Fractional Cover ◽  
Grassland Type ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
Global Indicator

Vegetation Fractional Cover (VFC) is an important global indicator of land cover change, land use practice and landscape, and ecosystem function. In this study, we present the Global Vegetation Fractional Cover Product (GVFCP) and explore the levels and trends in VFC across World Grassland Type (WGT) Ecoregions considering variation associated with Global Livestock Production Systems (GLPS). Long-term average levels and trends in fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation (FPV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (FNPV), and bare soil (FBS) are mapped, and variation among GLPS types within WGT Divisions and Ecoregions is explored. Analysis also focused on the savanna-woodland WGT Formations. Many WGT Divisions showed wide variation in long-term average VFC and trends in VFC across GLPS types. Results showed large areas of many ecoregions experiencing significant positive and negative trends in VFC. East Africa, Patagonia, and the Mitchell Grasslands of Australia exhibited large areas of negative trends in FNPV and positive trends FBS. These trends may reflect interactions between extended drought, heavy livestock utilization, expanded agriculture, and other land use changes. Compared to previous studies, explicit measurement of FNPV revealed interesting additional information about vegetation cover and trends in many ecoregions. The Australian and Global products are available via the GEOGLAM RAPP (Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring Rangeland and Pasture Productivity) website, and the scientific community is encouraged to utilize the data and contribute to improved validation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Hyperspectral Versus Traditional Field Measurements of Fractional Ground Cover in the Australian Arid Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Fisk ◽  
Kenneth Clarke ◽  
Megan Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Point Sampling ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Fractional Cover ◽  
In Situ Methods

The collection of high-quality field measurements of ground cover is critical for calibration and validation of fractional ground cover maps derived from satellite imagery. Field-based hyperspectral ground cover sampling is a potential alternative to traditional in situ techniques. This study aimed to develop an effective sampling design for spectral ground cover surveys in order to estimate fractional ground cover in the Australian arid zone. To meet this aim, we addressed two key objectives: (1) Determining how spectral surveys and traditional step-point sampling compare when conducted at the same spatial scale and (2) comparing these two methods to current Australian satellite-derived fractional cover products. Across seven arid, sparsely vegetated survey sites, six 500-m transects were established. Ground cover reflectance was recorded taking continuous hyperspectral readings along each transect while step-point surveys were conducted along the same transects. Both measures of ground cover were converted into proportions of photosynthetic vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation, and bare soil for each site. Comparisons were made of the proportions of photosynthetic vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation, and bare soil derived from both in situ methods as well as MODIS and Landsat fractional cover products. We found strong correlations between fractional cover derived from hyperspectral and step-point sampling conducted at the same spatial scale at our survey sites. Comparison of the in situ measurements and image-derived fractional cover products showed that overall, the Landsat product was strongly related to both in situ methods for non-photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil whereas the MODIS product was strongly correlated with both in situ methods for photosynthetic vegetation. This study demonstrates the potential of the spectral transect method, both in its ability to produce results comparable to the traditional transect measures, but also in its improved objectivity and relative logistic ease. Future efforts should be made to include spectral ground cover sampling as part of Australia’s plan to produce calibration and validation datasets for remotely sensed products.

Time to "Rewet the Swamp" – Application of Georgian Data Cube to Elucidate Drainage Patterns and Potential for Wet Agriculture and Forestry on Kolkheti Lowland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izolda Matchutadze ◽  
Aliosha Bakuridze ◽  
Ira Abuladze ◽  
Nana Shakarishvili ◽  
Mamuka Gvilava
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Data Cube ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Vegetation Removal ◽  
Fractional Cover ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Water Detection ◽  
Black Sea Coast

<p>It was established recently that gravity drainage is inefficient on Kolkheti Lowland along the Black Sea coast of Georgia and that novel approaches are urgently recommend, such as implementing rewetting schemes to restore ecosystem services and enhance economic values of these areas through wet agriculture, biofuel production with native wetland species, and/or afforestation, to achieve sustainable outcomes in both ecologic and economic terms. Water Detection, Fractional Cover and Urbanization remote sensing tools, provided by Georgian Data Cube (comprising Landsat sensor Analysis Ready Data), developed recently with UNEP/GRID support, were applied on multi-year timescale basis for Kolkheti lowland to identify priority areas with high potential for rewetting. Water Detection tool allowed establishment of low effectiveness drainage areas, as demonstrated by high cumulative values for the presence of water, indicating water-logged areas as potential intervention sites for wet agroforestry. Water Detection combined with Fractional Cover tool allowed comparative analysis of non-photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil areas versus high water detection areas to single out those lands on the Kolkheti lowland, where drainage seems effective and dry agriculture is pursued versus those lands where drainage is not effective and dry agriculture is not actually happening. Urbanization tool can also be applied to detect human activities, such as agricultural activities, visualising those areas, which are subjected to active vegetation removal on an annual basis due to crop harvesting and those areas, where vegetation was not removed, staying vegetated most of the time, interpreted as abandoned agricultural lands. Regular patters combining non-use agricultural with cumulative water covered areas could thus help locate candidate sites for piloting wet agriculture on Kolkheti Lowland in Georgia. In addition to sustainable economic practices, rewetting could certainly benefit core ecological areas of Kolkheti Lowland, protected by both national designation as Kolkheti National Park and international designation as Central Kolkheti Ramsar Site.</p>

Estimating fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil in the Australian tropical savanna region upscaling the EO-1 Hyperion and MODIS sensors

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Guerschman ◽  
Michael J. Hill ◽  
Luigi J. Renzullo ◽  
Damian J. Barrett ◽  
Alan S. Marks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bare Soil ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Fractional Cover

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) grown in the marginal upland area of Sta. Rita, Samar as influenced by different planting densities and mulching materials

2017 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Zenaida Gonzaga ◽  
Warren Obeda ◽  
Ana Linda Gorme ◽  
Jessie Rom ◽  
Oscar Abrantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bare Soil ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Lady’S Finger ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Set Up ◽  
A Minor

Okra or Lady’s finger, botanically known as Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, is a tropical and sub-tropical indigenous vegetable crop commonly grown for its fibrous, slimy, and nutritious fruits and consumed by all classes of population. It has also several medicinal and economic values. Despite its many uses and potential value, its importance is under estimated, under-utilized, and considered a minor crop and little attention was paid to its improvement. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different planting densities and mulching materials on the growth and yield of okra grown in slightly sloping area in the marginal uplands in Sta. Rita, Samar, Philippines. A split-plot experiment was set up with planting density as main plot and the different mulching materials as the sub-plot which were: unmulched or bare soil, rice straw, rice hull, hagonoy and plastic mulch. Planting density did not significantly affect the growth and yield of okra. Regardless ofthe mulching materials used, mulched plants were taller and yielded higher compared to unmulched plants. Moreover, the use of plastic mulch resulted to the highest total fruit yield. The results indicate the potential of mulching in increasing yield and thus profitability of okra production under marginal upland conditions.

Constituting Scotland

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Elliot Bulmer
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
Constitutional Design ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
National Movement ◽  
Comparative Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Thought ◽  
Scottish Government ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Constitutional Tradition

The rise of the Scottish national movement has been accompanied by the emergence of distinct constitutional ideas, claims and arguments, which may affect constitutional design in any future independent Scotland. Drawing on the fields of constitutional theory, comparative constitutional law, and Scottish studies, this book examines the historical trajectory of the constitutional question in Scotland and analyses the influences and constraints on the constitutional imagination of the Scottish national movement, in terms of both the national and international contexts. It identifies an emerging Scottish nationalist constitutional tradition that is distinct from British constitutional orthodoxies but nevertheless corresponds to broad global trends in constitutional thought and design. Much of the book is devoted to the detailed exposition and comparative analysis of the draft constitution for an independent Scotland published by the SNP in 2002. The 2014 draft interim Constitution presented by the Scottish Government is also examined, and the two texts are contrasted to show the changing nature of the SNP’s constitutional policy: from liberal-procedural constitutionalism in pursuit of a more inclusive polity, to a more populist and majoritarian constitutionalism.

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