Climate changes and trends in phenology and yields of field crops in China, 1981–2000

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulu Tao ◽  
Masayuki Yokozawa ◽  
Yinlong Xu ◽  
Yousay Hayashi ◽  
Zhao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Field Crops

Climate changes and trends in phenology of fruit trees and field crops in Germany, 1961–2000

2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank-M Chmielewski ◽  
Antje Müller ◽  
Ekko Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Field Crops

Mögliche künftige Trends der Lufttemperatur und des Blattaustriebs der Schwarzerle (Alnus glutinosa) in Deutschland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Waldau ◽  
Frank-M. Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Forest Meteorology ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
International Journal Of Biometeorology

<p>Eine direkte Auswirkung des rezenten Klimawandels auf die Vegetation ist die Verfrühung phänologischer Stadien, besonders im Frühjahr (WALDAU & CHMIELEWSKI, 2018; CHMIELEWSKI et al., 2004; WOLFE et al., 2005). Diese Trends wurden weltweit beobachtet und sind hauptsächlich auf den Anstieg der Lufttemperatur zurückzuführen, was den engen Zusammenhang zwischen Pflanzenentwicklung und Temperatur belegt. Dieser stetige Temperaturanstieg wird sich in Zukunft fortsetzen und zu zeitlichen und räumlichen Verschiebungen in der Vegetationsentwicklung führen. Um diese Veränderungen abschätzen zu können, sind plausible phänologische Modelle erforderlich, wobei das Kältebedürfnis, das für die Überwindung der Dormanz erforderlich ist, hierbei eine der Schlüsselgrößen ist. <br />Ziel dieser Studie war es die zukünftigen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die natürliche Vegetation in Deutschland abzuschätzen. In einer dreijährigen Studie (Winter 2015/16 – 2017/18) wurde der Zeitpunkt der Dormanzbrechung für verschiedene Baumarten experimentell in Klimakammerversuchen bestimmt. Im Rahmen dieses Vortrages sollen die Ergebnisse für die Schwarzerle (Alnus glutinosa) dargestellt werden. Nach der Ermittlung des für den Blattaustrieb der Schwarzerle notwendigen Kältereizes wurde ein Chilling/Forcing Modell parametrisiert und anschließend an den phänologischen Beobachtungdaten des Deutschen Wetterdienstes (1951-2015) validiert. Für die Abschätzung der künftigen klimatischen Entwicklung wurde ein Klimaensemble aus sieben verschieden Klimamodellrechnungen für zwei Klimaszenarien (RCP 2.6 & 8.5) verwendet. Für den Zeitraum 2010-2100 werden neben den zeitlichen Trends der Lufttemperatur und der Phänologie zusätzlich die regionalen Unterschiede in Deutschland (Nord-Ost/Nord-West/Süd-Ost/Süd-West) aufgezeigt.</p> <p> </p> <p>Literatur:</p> <p>CHMIELEWSKI, F. M., MÜLLER, A. & BRUNS, E. (2004): Climate changes and trends in phenology of fruit trees and field crops in Germany, 1961–2000. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 121 (1), 69-DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00161-8.</p> <p>WALDAU, T. & CHMIELEWSKI, F. M. (2018): Spatial and temporal changes of spring temperature, thermal growing season and spring phenology in Germany 1951–2015. Meteorol. Z. 27 (4), 335-342.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2018/0923.</p> <p>WOLFE, D. W., SCHWARTZ, M. D., LAKSO, A. N., OTSUKI, Y., POOL, R. M. & SHAULIS, N. J. (2005): Climate change and shifts in spring phenology of three horticultural woody perennials in northeastern USA. International Journal of Biometeorology 49 (5), 303-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-004-0248-9.</p>

Larval Behavior and Protective Implications for Sea Scallops and Surf Clams within the Middle Atlantic Bight: Part Two, Variability of Physical Environment and Larval Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Larval Behavior ◽  
Larval Release ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Sea Scallops

Larval growth and settlement rates are important larval behaviors for larval protections. The variability of larval growthsettlement rates and physical conditions for 2006-2012 and in the future with potential climate changes was studied using the coupling ROMS-IMBs, and new temperature and current indexes. Forty-four experimental cases were conducted for larval growth patterns and release mechanisms, showing the spatial, seasonal, annual, and climatic variations of larval growthsettlement rates and physical conditions, demonstrating that the slight different larval temperature-adaption and larval release strategies made difference in larval growth-settlement rates, and displaying that larval growth and settlement rates highly depended upon physical conditions and were vulnerable to climate changes.

STUDY OF POND STATUS IN INDIA : A REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. YADAV ◽  
SONAM SHARMA ◽  
A.K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
P.K. KHARE
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Over Exploitation

Ponds are an important fresh water critical ecosystem for plants and animals providing goods and services including food, fodder, fish, irrigation, hydrological cycle, shelter, medicine, culture, aesthetic and recreation. Ponds cover less than 2 percent of worlds land surface. Ponds are important source of fresh water for human use. These are threatened by urbanization, industrialization, over exploitation, fragmentation, habitat destruction, pollution, illegal capturing of land and climate changes. These above factors have been destroying ponds very rapidly putting them in danger of extinction of a great number of local biodiversity. It is necessary to formulate a correct conservation strategy for pond restoration in order to meet the growing needs of fresh water by increasing the human population. Some measures have been compiled and proposed in the present review.

Recent Rapid Climate Changes in Antarctic and their Influence on Low Diversity Ecosystems

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Temperature Water

ABSTRACTThe geographic position, astronomic factors (e.g. the Earth’s maximum distance from the Sun during winter), ice cover and altitude are the main factors affecting the climate of the Antarctic, which is the coldest place on Earth. Parts of Antarctica are facing the most rapid rates of anthropogenic climate change currently seen on the planet. Climate changes are occurring throughout Antarctica, affecting three major groups of environmental variables of considerable biological significance: temperature, water, UV-B radiation.Low diversity ecosystems are expected to be more vulnerable to global changes than high diversity ecosystems

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