Sensitivity and specificity of waterbath ultrasound technique in comparison to the conventional methods in diagnosing extremity fractures

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prawal Shrimal ◽  
Sanjeev Bhoi ◽  
Tej Prakash Sinha ◽  
L.R. Murmu ◽  
Jamshed Nayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Conventional Methods

scholarly journals The Paediatric Iron Deficiency Assessment with Reticulocyte Haemoglobin Equivalent (Ret-He) in Comparison with Biochemical Markers of Serum Ferritin and Transferrin Saturation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Nurasyikin Yusof ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Conventional Methods

Diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a challenge as the conventional methods often diagnose the disease at the later stage. Haemoglobin content of reticulocytes is useful to identify IDA at earlier stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate reticulocyte-haemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) in diagnosing IDA in children and to compare it with other conventional methods. This prospective study was conducted on 120 paediatric patients aged 12 years and below, who attended Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru, Malaysia with haemoglobin <12 g/dL. Ret-He and serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation were measured. Using a cut-off point of 20% for transferrin saturation, 81 out of 120 subjects (67.5%) were found as iron deficient. Based on the diagnosis of IDA, cut-off value for Ret-He using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was found as 22.65 pg. Ret-He showed a good sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% and 66.7%, respectively. As compared with Ret-He, serum ferritin showed a sensitivity of only 18.9%. However, a good specificity of 100% suggest it is useful for ruling in the disease but not suitable for screening. Transferrin saturation showed a good sensitivity and specificity, but it is biologically variable and not cost effective as a screening tool. Correlation study showed serum iron and transferrin saturation have significant positive correlation with Ret-He (r=0.415 to 0.518). However, there was no correlation between Ret-He and serum ferritin (r=0.051, p=0.578). This study shows that Ret-He at a cut-off point of 22.65 pg has a better sensitivity and potentially be useful as a screening tool in the paediatric population.

Spin-polarized Scanning Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Koike ◽  
Hideo Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Magnetic Thin Films ◽  
Electron Spin Polarization ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Magnetization Direction ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin SEM), where the secondary electron spin polarization is used as the image signal, is a novel technique for magnetic domain observation. Since its first development by Koike and Hayakawa in 1984, several laboratories have extensively studied this technique and have greatly improved its capability for data extraction and its range of applications. This paper reviews the progress over the last few years.Almost all the high expectations initially held for spin SEM have been realized. A spatial resolution of several hundreds angstroms has been attained, which is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of conventional methods for thick samples. Quantitative analysis of magnetization direction has been performed more easily than with conventional methods. Domain observation of the surface of three-dimensional samples has been confirmed to be possible. One of the drawbacks, a long image acquisition time, has been eased by combining highspeed image-signal processing with high speed scanning, although at the cost of image quality. By using spin SEM, the magnetic structure of a 180 degrees surface Neel wall, magnetic thin films, multilayered films, magnetic discs, etc., have been investigated.

Applying Item Response Theory Modeling to Identify Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1916-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Yuan ◽  
Christine Dollaghan
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
National Database ◽  
Communication Disorder ◽  
Social Communication Questionnaire ◽  
Autism Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pragmatic Communication

Purpose No diagnostic tools exist for identifying social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SPCD), a new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition category for individuals with social communication deficits but not the repetitive, restricted behaviors and interests (RRBIs) that would qualify them for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We explored the value of items from a widely used screening measure of ASD for distinguishing SPCD from typical controls (TC; Aim 1) and from ASD (Aim 2). Method We applied item response theory (IRT) modeling to Social Communication Questionnaire–Lifetime ( Rutter, Bailey, & Lord, 2003 ) records available in the National Database for Autism Research. We defined records from putative SPCD ( n = 54), ASD ( n = 278), and TC ( n = 274) groups retrospectively, based on National Database for Autism Research classifications and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised responses. After assessing model assumptions, estimating model parameters, and measuring model fit, we identified items in the social communication and RRBI domains that were maximally informative in differentiating the groups. Results IRT modeling identified a set of seven social communication items that distinguished SPCD from TC with sensitivity and specificity > 80%. A set of five RRBI items was less successful in distinguishing SPCD from ASD (sensitivity and specificity < 70%). Conclusion The IRT modeling approach and the Social Communication Questionnaire–Lifetime item sets it identified may be useful in efforts to construct screening and diagnostic measures for SPCD.

IgA-antitissue transglutaminase: Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing Celiac Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A395-A395
Author(s):  
J WEST ◽  
A LLOYD ◽  
P HILL ◽  
G HOLMES
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity

The Need Inventory of Sensation Seeking (NISS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Roth ◽  
Philipp Hammelstein
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
New Research ◽  
Sensation Seeking Scale ◽  
Temperamental Trait ◽  
Nonclinical Study

Based on the conception of sensation seeking as a need rather than a temperamental trait ( Hammelstein, 2004 ), we present a new assessment method, the Need Inventory of Sensation Seeking (NISS), which is considered to assess a motivational disposition. Three studies are presented: The first examined the factorial structure and the reliability of the German versions of the NISS; the second study compared the German and the English versions of the NISS; and finally, the validity of the NISS was examined in a nonclinical study and compared to the validity of conventional methods of assessing sensation seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale – Form V; SSS-V). Compared to the SSS-V, the NISS shows better reliability and validity in addition to providing new research possibilities including application in experimental areas.

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