Novel color additive for chlorine disinfectants corrects deficiencies in spray surface coverage and wet-contact time and checks for correct chlorine concentration

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1188-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Tyan ◽  
Katherine Jin ◽  
Jason Kang ◽  
Aaron M. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Color Additive ◽  
Wet Contact

Inactivation of Pathogenic Serogroups of Yersinia enterocolitica by Chlorine

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1383-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYED TOORA
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Food Isolate ◽  
Pathogenic Serotypes

Pathogenic strains of Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes O:3, O:5,27, and O:9 were observed to be highly susceptible to inactivation by chlorine at a concentration as low as 1 mg/l (1 ppm), as complete inactivation of viable cells (107 cells per ml) was observed in 20 s. Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 was less susceptible to a chlorine concentration of 2 mg/l compared to other pathogenic serotypes; its complete inactivation (107 cells per ml) was observed in 10 s in the presence of 10 mg/l of chlorine. Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:6,31 biotype 1A (nonpathogenic food isolate) was also completely inactivated (107 cells per ml) in 2 min by 5 mg/l of chlorine. A great deal of variation was observed among different serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica in their pattern of inactivation by chlorine. A chlorine concentration of 10 mg/l was lethal, destroying viable cells of most common pathogenic serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica in 2 min of contact time.

scholarly journals The mycoplasmacidal properties of sodium hypochlorite

1985 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Lee ◽  
R. J. Miles ◽  
B. F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Porous Carrier ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides

SUMMARYThe effect of hypochlorite concentration onMycoplasma mycoidesssp.mycoidesviability was tested under a variety of conditions. The experimental variables employed included chlorine-cell contact time, chlorine concentration, carrier system and organic loading. Initial populations of 106c.f.u./ml were killed (no survivors in 1 ml) by hypoehlorite solution containing 25 p.p.m. available chlorine in 15 s in the absence of organic load and 50 p.p.m. available chlorine in 5 min in the presence of 1% protein. Higher concentrations of hypochlorite were required to disinfect a porous carrier system in the absence or presence of protein. The results are in contrast to previous reports thatM. bovisis killed only by high hypochlorito concentrations.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Alat Pengatur Konsentrasi Kaporit (Ca(ClO)2) dalam Meningkatkan Efektifitas Desinfeksi Peralatan Makan

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Siti Noor A’in A’fifah Puteri ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Darmiah Darmiah
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract: The Use Of Chlorine Concentration Controller (Ca(ClO)2) In Improving The Effectiveness Of Cutlery Disinfection. About 80% of food-cause disease and food poisoning are caused by microbial contamination, one of which comes from the equipment used. Equipment potential as food contamination is not clean enough and not appropriate washing process, because it skips over disinfection stage. One of cutlery disinfection process is by giving active chlor (chlorine) at concentration 50 ppm. This study aimed to determine the ability of the use of chlorine concentration controller (Ca(ClO)2) in improving the effectiveness of cutlery disinfection. This study used experimental method, the data was obtained by trial the accurate chlorine concentration (Ca(ClO)2), plate samples immersed using chlorine solution and laboratory test of number bacteria and E.coli parameters. The results of chlorine (Ca(ClO)2) concentration controller were confirmed that in one press the apparatus could removable solution of 2 mL equivalent to 50 ppm if it used for 1 L of water. Based on the result of laboratory examination was known that the number of germs post-treatment was smaller than pre-treatment and negative E.coli on pre and post-treatment. The contact time determined the percentage decrease of germs after disinfection. The contact time at 2 minutes could reduce the number of germs of 99,08%. Keywords : Chlorine (Ca(ClO)2); Disinfection

scholarly journals An Overview of the Design Principles of Drinking Water Chlorination

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tochukwu C Okeke ◽  
Olufunmilayo I Ndububa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Water Chlorination ◽  
Chlorine Demand

The goal of drinking water chlorination is the inactivation of pathogenic organisms in water. It offers the advantage of producing residuals useful for the preservation of water quality in a distribution system. Basic key chlorination concepts include chlorine demand/decay, chlorine residuals, and CT disinfection. The application of these concepts required a good understanding of the hydraulic condition of the system. Important consideration is the determination of initial required chlorine dose. A demonstration model using a public school water supply scheme with an overhead tank is done. This incorporates the kinematic of Contact Time (CT) disinfection, and the application of a demand model for the determination of initial chlorine concentration/dose required. Optimal application of chlorine will prevent incidences of either an over-dose or under-doze which highlight the importance of this study. Keywords— chlorine demand, CT Disinfection, initial chlorine concentration,  log removal value,  residual concentration.

scholarly journals Use of Integrated Cell Culture-PCR To Evaluate the Effectiveness of Poliovirus Inactivation by Chlorine

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2267-2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisa Blackmer ◽  
Kelly A. Reynolds ◽  
Charles P. Gerba ◽  
Ian L. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Cell Culture Assay ◽  
Current Standards

ABSTRACT Current standards, based on cell culture assay, indicate that poliovirus is inactivated by 0.5 mg of free chlorine per liter after 2 min; however, integrated cell culture-PCR detected viruses for up to 8 min of exposure to the same chlorine concentration, requiring 10 min for complete inactivation. Thus, the contact time for chlorine disinfection of poliovirus is up to five times greater than previously thought.

The microstructure of functionalized poLyacrylonitrile beads for bioseparations

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1094-1095
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. Kamenetzky ◽  
David A. Ley
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Diamond Knife

The microstructure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) beads for affinity chromatography bioseparations was studied by TEM of stained ultramicrotomed thin-sections. Microstructural aspects such as overall pore size distribution, the distribution of pores within the beads, and surface coverage of functionalized beads affect performance properties. Stereological methods are used to quantify the internal structure of these chromatographic supports. Details of the process for making the PAN beads are given elsewhere. TEM specimens were obtained by vacuum impregnation with a low-viscosity epoxy and sectioning with a diamond knife. The beads can be observed unstained. However, different surface functionalities can be made evident by selective staining. Amide surface coverage was studied by staining in vapor of a 0.5.% RuO4 aqueous solution for 1 h. RuO4 does not stain PAN but stains, amongst many others, polymers containing an amide moiety.

Tri‐axial all‐metal inertial microswitch with compliant stationary electrodes to prolong contact time

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 514-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenguo Chen ◽  
Zhaoyu Wang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zhuoqing Yang ◽  
Guifu Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document