Genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile in Southeast Asia

Anaerobe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 102290
Author(s):  
Korakrit Imwattana ◽  
Pattarachai Kiratisin ◽  
Thomas V. Riley ◽  
Daniel R. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Genomic Basis

Increased antimicrobial resistance in clonal clostridium difficile isolates in Dublin Ireland

Endoscopy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Drudy ◽  
N Harnedy ◽  
S Fanning ◽  
R O'Mahony ◽  
L Kyne
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance

scholarly journals Exploring gender differences in knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use in Southeast Asia: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259069
Author(s):  
Phuc Pham-Duc ◽  
Kavitha Sriparamananthan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Males And Females

Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been one of the main contributors to antimicrobial resistance, particularly in Southeast Asia. Different genders are prone to different antibiotic use practices. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence available on gender differences in antibiotic use across Southeast Asia. The search strategy for this scoping review involved PubMed, Semantic Scholar, BioMed Central and ProQuest. Two-level screening was applied to identify the final sample of relevant sources. Thematic content analysis was then conducted on the selected final sources to identify recurring themes related to gender differences in antibiotic use and a narrative account was developed based on the themes. Recommendations for next steps regarding reducing inappropriate antibiotic use and gender considerations that need to be made when developing future interventions were also identified. Research on gender and antibiotic use remains scarce. Studies that discuss gender within the context of antibiotic use often mention differences between males and females in knowledge, attitudes and/or behaviour, however, do not explore reasons for these differences. Gender differences in antibiotic use were generally examined in terms of: (i) knowledge of antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance and (ii) practices related to antibiotic use. Evidence indicated that differences between males and females in knowledge and practices of antibiotic use varied greatly based on setting. This indicates that gender differences in antibiotic use are greatly contextual and intersect with other sociodemographic factors, particularly education and socioeconomic status. Educational interventions that are targeted to meet the specific needs of males and females and delivered through pharmacists and healthcare professionals were the most common recommendations for reducing inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community. Such targeted interventions require further qualitative research on factors influencing differences in knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use among males and females. In addition, there is also a need to strengthen monitoring and regulation practices to ensure accessibility to affordable, quality antibiotics through trusted sources.

Formula-fed and Clostridium difficile infected neonatal piglets carry a highly diverse and abundant set of antimicrobial resistance genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pieper ◽  
Temesgen Dadi ◽  
Lukasz Grzeskowiak ◽  
Laura Pieper ◽  
Britta Siegmund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an increasing zoonotic health threat and has also been documented as a cause of enteritis outbreaks in neonatal pigs. Furthermore, CDI in neonatal piglets cause changes in microbial gut colonization. We hypothesized that an imbalanced microbial colonization in piglets with CDI could be associated with an altered abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes. Results: We analyzed fecal metagenomic data of lactating sows (S), their piglets during suckling (SP), the same piglets two weeks after weaning (WP), 5-day old artificially reared and formula-fed siblings (FP) and FP infected with C. difficile (FP-CD) for microbiota composition and antimicrobial resistance gene abundance. FP and FP-CD piglets had an immature-type microbiota and increased abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes. A co-occurrence of genes encoding for resistance against aminoglycosides (e.g. aph(3”)-lb, aph(6)-ld, ant(2”)-la), β-lactams (blaCTX-M, blaTEM), fluoroquinolones (pat(A) macrolides (mph(A)), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), polypeptides (e.g. pmrB, pmrC, arnA, bac(A)) and tetracyclines (e.g. tet(A-D),) was observed. Conclusion: Increased abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes in formula feeding and concomitant CDI may be associated with therapeutic resistance later in life and warrant further studies.

Antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium difficile isolates in a tertiary medical center, Israel

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihad Bishara ◽  
Yoram Bloch ◽  
Moshe Garty ◽  
Jaqueline Behor ◽  
Zmira Samra
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Medical Center

Clostridium difficile infections in a Shanghai hospital: antimicrobial resistance, toxin profiles and ribotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihui Huang ◽  
Shi Wu ◽  
Minggui Wang ◽  
Yingyuan Zhang ◽  
Hong Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance

scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Clostridium difficile among hospitalized diarrheal patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262597
Author(s):  
Tebelay Dilnessa ◽  
Alem Getaneh ◽  
Workagegnehu Hailu ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Baye Gelaw
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Background Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea that develops in patients after hospitalization during antibiotic administration. It has also become a big issue in community-acquired diarrhea. The emergence of hypervirulent strains of C. difficile poses a major problem in hospital-associated diarrhea outbreaks and it is difficult to treat. The antimicrobial resistance in C. difficile has worsened due to the inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics including cephalosporins, clindamycin, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones together with the emergence of hypervirulent strains. Objective To estimate the pooled prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of C. difficile derived from hospitalized diarrheal patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed to review published studies conducted. We searched bibliographic databases from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for studies on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility testing on C. difficile. The weighted pooled prevalence and resistance for each antimicrobial agent was calculated using a random-effects model. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Results A total of 15 studies were included. Ten articles for prevalence study and 5 additional studies for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. difficile were included. A total of 1967/7852 (25%) C. difficile were isolated from 10 included studies for prevalence study. The overall weighted pooled proportion (WPP) of C. difficile was 30% (95% CI: 10.0–49.0; p<0.001). The analysis showed substantial heterogeneity among studies (Cochran’s test = 7038.73, I2 = 99.87%; p<0.001). The weighed pooled antimicrobial resistance (WPR) were: vancomycin 3%(95% CI: 1.0–4.0, p<0.001); metronidazole 5%(95% CI: 3.0–7.0, p<0.001); clindamycin 61%(95% CI: 52.0–69.0, p<0.001); moxifloxacin 42%(95% CI: 29–54, p<0.001); tetracycline 35%(95% CI: 22–49, p<0.001); erythromycin 61%(95% CI: 48–75, p<0.001) and ciprofloxacin 64%(95% CI: 48–80; p< 0.001) using the random effect model. Conclusions A higher weighted pooled prevalence of C. difficile was observed. It needs a great deal of attention to decrease the prevailing prevalence. The resistance of C. difficile to metronidazole and vancomycin was low compared to other drugs used to treat C. difficile infection. Periodic antimicrobial resistance monitoring is vital for appropriate therapy of C. difficile infection.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Jonathan Iredell
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Genomic Plasticity ◽  
The Impact

In this issue, we present a series of short overviews on important topics with a common theme. In their paper, Djordjevic and Morgan point out the impact of antimicrobial resistance on food security and remind us of the importance of understanding the relationships between animals (including humans) and the environment when considering antibiotic resistance, particularly those elements of it that are part of normal genomic plasticity and readily transferable. This sentiment is echoed in a sobering description of the classic post-antibiotic opportunist, Clostridium difficile, in Australia and overseas, by Hong et al.

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