In vitro antiviral activity of arbidol against Chikungunya virus and characteristics of a selected resistant mutant

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilenia Delogu ◽  
Boris Pastorino ◽  
Cécile Baronti ◽  
Antoine Nougairède ◽  
Emilie Bonnet ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Ekins ◽  
Peter Madrid

Tilorone demonstrates in vitro antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus (CHIK) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV).


Author(s):  
Sabira Siraj Sumayya ◽  
Abdulhadeef Shereefa Lubaina ◽  
Kumaraswamy Murugan

Currently, the search of novel phytochemicals with unique biological potentialities is a pre-requisite for the designing ideal drugs for the human kind. Sea weeds are bioresources with a broad spectrum of medicinal properties with minimal side effects. Kerala, the Southern state of India reported high incidence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in the last several tears. No specific virucidal therapy or effective vaccines are available. This emphasizes the need of searching for phytochemicals as drugs with less cost and more effective. Therefore, an attempt was made in screening purified terpenoid extracts of selected sea weeds as anti-CHIKV potential. In this study the terpenoids composition from the red algae Hypnea musciformis, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracillaria dura were identified and analyzed by thin layer chromatography and Gas chromatography- Mass spectrum. The methanolic extract of seaweeds was purified by column chromatography and each fraction was eluted by using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as solvent combination. The analysis of the purified fraction of H. musciformis and K. alvarezii revealed the presence of 8 terpenoid fractions, and G. dura showed only 4 major components respectively. Vero cell lines were employed in the antiviral assays, infected to CHIKV, and treated with varied doses of purified terpenoid extracts. In the antiviral activity, terpenoid extracts of G. dura showed remarkable and promising EC50 inhibitory effect at 1.25 μg/ml. Further, the terpenoid extracts displayed efficient virucidal activity against CHIKV (inhibit around 90%) with 5 μg/ml dosage. As the last phase, terpenoid extracts added at time intervals of 0, 1, 2, 3 post-infection periods still maintained a significant inhibitory potential against CHIKV viral replication. Thus, the overall study suggests that the terpenoid extracts of G. dura may be effectively used in the prevention and treatment of CHIKV infections. Clinical studies may be warranted for designing a promising new anti-CHIKV drug.


Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Oliveira Silva Martins ◽  
Igor de Andrade Santos ◽  
Débora Moraes de Oliveira ◽  
Victória Riquena Grosche ◽  
Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim

The worldwide outbreaks of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the last years demonstrated the need for studies to screen antivirals against CHIKV. The virus was first isolated in Tanzania in 1952 and was responsible for outbreaks in Africa and Southwest Asia in subsequent years. Between 2007 and 2014, some cases were documented in Europe and America. The infection is associated with low rates of death; however, it can progress to a chronic disease characterized by severe arthralgias in infected patients. This infection is also associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome. There is no specific antivirus against CHIKV. Treatment of infected patients is palliative and based on analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce arthralgias. Several natural molecules have been described as antiviruses against viruses such as dengue, yellow fever, hepatitis C, and influenza. This review aims to summarize the natural compounds that have demonstrated antiviral activity against chikungunya virus in vitro.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Troost ◽  
Lianne M. Mulder ◽  
Mayra Diosa-Toro ◽  
Denise van de Pol ◽  
Izabela A. Rodenhuis-Zybert ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rahma F. Hayati ◽  
Cynthia D. Better ◽  
Dionisius Denis ◽  
Amalina G. Komarudin ◽  
Anom Bowolaksono ◽  
...  

Chikungunya (CHIK) is a reemerging arboviral disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. The disease is clinically hallmarked by prolonged debilitating joint pain. Currently, there is no specific antiviral medication nor commercial vaccine available for treatment of the disease, which makes the discovery or development of specific anti-CHIKV compounds a priority. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is widely known for its various health benefits. The compound [6]-gingerol is the main active ingredient found in ginger. This study sought to determine the potential of [6]-gingerol antiviral activity against CHIKV infection using in vitro human hepatocyte HepG2 cells. The antiviral activity mechanism was investigated using direct virucidal and four indirect (pre-, post-, full-, and prevention) treatment assays. [6]-Gingerol showed weak virucidal activity but significant indirect antiviral activity against CHIKV through post- and full treatment with I C 50 of 0.038 mM and 0.031 mM, respectively, without showing cell cytotoxicity. The results indicated that [6]-gingerol inhibits CHIKV infection through suppression of viral replication. Together, this study confirms the potential use of [6]-gingerol for CHIK antiviral compound.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Jain ◽  
Ankit Kumar ◽  
Vimal Narayanan ◽  
R.S. Ramaswamy ◽  
P. Sathiyarajeswaran ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Patil ◽  
Megha Agrawal ◽  
Shahdab Almelkar ◽  
Manish Kumar Jeengar ◽  
Ashwini More ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a serious health problem in several tropical countries, is the causative agent of chikungunya fever. Approved antiviral therapies or vaccines for the treatment or prevention of CHIKV infections are not available. As diverse natural phenolic compounds have been shown to possess antiviral activities, we explored the antiviral activity of α-Mangostin, a xanthanoid, against CHIKV infection. Methods The in vitro prophylactic and therapeutic effects of α-Mangostin on CHIKV replication in Vero E6 cells were investigated by administering it under pre, post and cotreatment conditions. The antiviral activity was determined by foci forming unit assay, quantitative RT-PCR and cell-based immune-fluorescence assay. The molecular mechanism of inhibitory action was further proposed using in silico molecular docking studies. Results In vitro studies revealed that 8 µM α-Mangostin completely inhibited CHIKV infectivity under the cotreatment condition. CHIKV replication was also inhibited in virus-infected mice. This is the first in vivo study which clearly showed that α-Mangostin is effective in vivo by significantly reducing virus replication in serum and muscles. Molecular docking indicated that α-Mangostin can efficiently interact with the E2–E1 heterodimeric glycoprotein and the ADP-ribose binding cavity of the nsP3 macrodomain. Conclusions The findings suggest that α-Mangostin can inhibit CHIKV infection and replication through possible interaction with multiple CHIKV target proteins and might act as a prophylactic/therapeutic agent against CHIKV.


Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6532) ◽  
pp. 926-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris M. White ◽  
Romel Rosales ◽  
Soner Yildiz ◽  
Thomas Kehrer ◽  
Lisa Miorin ◽  
...  

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral proteins interact with the eukaryotic translation machinery, and inhibitors of translation have potent antiviral effects. We found that the drug plitidepsin (aplidin), which has limited clinical approval, possesses antiviral activity (90% inhibitory concentration = 0.88 nM) that is more potent than remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by a factor of 27.5, with limited toxicity in cell culture. Through the use of a drug-resistant mutant, we show that the antiviral activity of plitidepsin against SARS-CoV-2 is mediated through inhibition of the known target eEF1A (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A). We demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of plitidepsin treatment in two mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a reduction of viral replication in the lungs by two orders of magnitude using prophylactic treatment. Our results indicate that plitidepsin is a promising therapeutic candidate for COVID-19.


2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chao Lin ◽  
Mei-Chun Chen ◽  
Shiming Li ◽  
Chi-Chen Lin ◽  
Tony T Wang

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