Evaluation of in vitro antiviral activity of Vitex Negundo L., Hyptis suaveolens (L) poit., Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn., to Chikungunya virus

Currently, the search of novel phytochemicals with unique biological potentialities is a pre-requisite for the designing ideal drugs for the human kind. Sea weeds are bioresources with a broad spectrum of medicinal properties with minimal side effects. Kerala, the Southern state of India reported high incidence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in the last several tears. No specific virucidal therapy or effective vaccines are available. This emphasizes the need of searching for phytochemicals as drugs with less cost and more effective. Therefore, an attempt was made in screening purified terpenoid extracts of selected sea weeds as anti-CHIKV potential. In this study the terpenoids composition from the red algae Hypnea musciformis, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracillaria dura were identified and analyzed by thin layer chromatography and Gas chromatography- Mass spectrum. The methanolic extract of seaweeds was purified by column chromatography and each fraction was eluted by using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as solvent combination. The analysis of the purified fraction of H. musciformis and K. alvarezii revealed the presence of 8 terpenoid fractions, and G. dura showed only 4 major components respectively. Vero cell lines were employed in the antiviral assays, infected to CHIKV, and treated with varied doses of purified terpenoid extracts. In the antiviral activity, terpenoid extracts of G. dura showed remarkable and promising EC50 inhibitory effect at 1.25 μg/ml. Further, the terpenoid extracts displayed efficient virucidal activity against CHIKV (inhibit around 90%) with 5 μg/ml dosage. As the last phase, terpenoid extracts added at time intervals of 0, 1, 2, 3 post-infection periods still maintained a significant inhibitory potential against CHIKV viral replication. Thus, the overall study suggests that the terpenoid extracts of G. dura may be effectively used in the prevention and treatment of CHIKV infections. Clinical studies may be warranted for designing a promising new anti-CHIKV drug.

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Antivirals Against Chikungunya Virus: Is the Solution in Nature?

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12030272 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 272 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel Oliveira Silva Martins ◽

Igor de Andrade Santos ◽

Débora Moraes de Oliveira ◽

Victória Riquena Grosche ◽

Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Natural Compounds ◽

Southwest Asia ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The worldwide outbreaks of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the last years demonstrated the need for studies to screen antivirals against CHIKV. The virus was first isolated in Tanzania in 1952 and was responsible for outbreaks in Africa and Southwest Asia in subsequent years. Between 2007 and 2014, some cases were documented in Europe and America. The infection is associated with low rates of death; however, it can progress to a chronic disease characterized by severe arthralgias in infected patients. This infection is also associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome. There is no specific antivirus against CHIKV. Treatment of infected patients is palliative and based on analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce arthralgias. Several natural molecules have been described as antiviruses against viruses such as dengue, yellow fever, hepatitis C, and influenza. This review aims to summarize the natural compounds that have demonstrated antiviral activity against chikungunya virus in vitro.

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Tomatidine, a natural steroidal alkaloid shows antiviral activity towards chikungunya virus in vitro

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-63397-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Berit Troost ◽

Lianne M. Mulder ◽

Mayra Diosa-Toro ◽

Denise van de Pol ◽

Izabela A. Rodenhuis-Zybert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Steroidal Alkaloid

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[6]-Gingerol Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Infection by Suppressing Viral Replication

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6623400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Rahma F. Hayati ◽

Cynthia D. Better ◽

Dionisius Denis ◽

Amalina G. Komarudin ◽

Anom Bowolaksono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Viral Replication ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Chikv Infection ◽

Antiviral Compound ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽

Activity Mechanism ◽

Arboviral Disease

Chikungunya (CHIK) is a reemerging arboviral disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. The disease is clinically hallmarked by prolonged debilitating joint pain. Currently, there is no specific antiviral medication nor commercial vaccine available for treatment of the disease, which makes the discovery or development of specific anti-CHIKV compounds a priority. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is widely known for its various health benefits. The compound [6]-gingerol is the main active ingredient found in ginger. This study sought to determine the potential of [6]-gingerol antiviral activity against CHIKV infection using in vitro human hepatocyte HepG2 cells. The antiviral activity mechanism was investigated using direct virucidal and four indirect (pre-, post-, full-, and prevention) treatment assays. [6]-Gingerol showed weak virucidal activity but significant indirect antiviral activity against CHIKV through post- and full treatment with I C 50 of 0.038 mM and 0.031 mM, respectively, without showing cell cytotoxicity. The results indicated that [6]-gingerol inhibits CHIKV infection through suppression of viral replication. Together, this study confirms the potential use of [6]-gingerol for CHIK antiviral compound.

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Antiviral activity of ethanolic extract of Nilavembu Kudineer against dengue and chikungunya virus through in vitro evaluation

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.jaim.2018.05.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 329-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jaspreet Jain ◽

Ankit Kumar ◽

Vimal Narayanan ◽

R.S. Ramaswamy ◽

P. Sathiyarajeswaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

In Vitro Evaluation

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In vitro and in vivo studies reveal α-Mangostin, a xanthonoid from Garcinia mangostana, as a promising natural antiviral compound against chikungunya virus

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-021-01517-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Poonam Patil ◽

Megha Agrawal ◽

Shahdab Almelkar ◽

Manish Kumar Jeengar ◽

Ashwini More ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Chikv Infection ◽

Antiviral Compound

Abstract Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a serious health problem in several tropical countries, is the causative agent of chikungunya fever. Approved antiviral therapies or vaccines for the treatment or prevention of CHIKV infections are not available. As diverse natural phenolic compounds have been shown to possess antiviral activities, we explored the antiviral activity of α-Mangostin, a xanthanoid, against CHIKV infection. Methods The in vitro prophylactic and therapeutic effects of α-Mangostin on CHIKV replication in Vero E6 cells were investigated by administering it under pre, post and cotreatment conditions. The antiviral activity was determined by foci forming unit assay, quantitative RT-PCR and cell-based immune-fluorescence assay. The molecular mechanism of inhibitory action was further proposed using in silico molecular docking studies. Results In vitro studies revealed that 8 µM α-Mangostin completely inhibited CHIKV infectivity under the cotreatment condition. CHIKV replication was also inhibited in virus-infected mice. This is the first in vivo study which clearly showed that α-Mangostin is effective in vivo by significantly reducing virus replication in serum and muscles. Molecular docking indicated that α-Mangostin can efficiently interact with the E2–E1 heterodimeric glycoprotein and the ADP-ribose binding cavity of the nsP3 macrodomain. Conclusions The findings suggest that α-Mangostin can inhibit CHIKV infection and replication through possible interaction with multiple CHIKV target proteins and might act as a prophylactic/therapeutic agent against CHIKV.

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Antiviral activity of nobiletin against chikungunya virus in vitro

Antiviral Therapy ◽

10.3851/imp3167 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 689-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shih-Chao Lin ◽

Mei-Chun Chen ◽

Shiming Li ◽

Chi-Chen Lin ◽

Tony T Wang

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Chikungunya Virus

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Screening for antiviral activity of two purified saponin fractions of Quillaja spp. against Yellow Fever Virus and Chikungunya Virus

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss9.2615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 205-214

Author(s):

Eduardo Troian ◽

Karoline Schallenberger ◽

Francini Da Silva ◽

Gabriela Dietrich ◽

Fernando Ferreira Chiesa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Fever Virus ◽

African Green Monkey Kidney ◽

Plaque Reduction Assay ◽

Enveloped Virus

Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) and Chikungunya Virus (CHIV) are neglected reemerging pathogens that cause comorbidities worldwide. Since no antiviral drug is prescribed for those infections, there is a demand on researching compounds that inhibit viral replication. Saponins are amphiphilic compounds that already demonstrated in vitro activity against enveloped virus. Therefore, two purified saponin fractions from Quillaja spp. were evaluated regarding their antiviral potential against YFV and CHIKV. The cell line used in this study was VERO (African green monkey kidney cells) since it is permissive to the replication of both viruses. The antiviral activity of both saponins fractions was screened using the plaque reduction assay protocol. Although saponins did not inhibited YFV replication, they strongly inhibited CHIKV. To confirm the absence of antiviral activity of Quillaja saponins against YFV, the cytopathic effect inhibition assay was performed also. Further studies are required to determine the antiviral mechanisms involved in the CHIKV inhibition.

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