Soil mass attenuation coefficient: Analysis and evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Costa ◽  
J.A.R. Borges ◽  
L.F. Pires ◽  
R.C.J. Arthur ◽  
O.O.S. Bacchi
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Mass Attenuation

scholarly journals Representative Elementary Length to Measure Soil Mass Attenuation Coefficient

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. R. Borges ◽  
L. F. Pires ◽  
J. C. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Elementary Length ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Mass Attenuation

With increasing demand for better yield in agricultural areas, soil physical property representative measurements are more and more essential. Nuclear techniques such as computerized tomography (CT) and gamma-ray attenuation (GAT) have been widely employed with this purpose. The soil mass attenuation coefficient (μs) is an important parameter for CT and GAT analysis. When experimentally determined (μes), the use of suitable sized samples enable to evaluate it precisely, as well as to reduce measurement time and costs. This study investigated the representative elementary length (REL) of sandy and clayey soils forμesmeasurements. Two radioactive sources were employed (241Am and137Cs), three collimators (2–4 mm diameters), and 14 thickness (x) samples (2–15 cm). Results indicated ideal thickness intervals of 12–15 and 2–4 cm for the sources137Cs and241Am, respectively. The application of such results in representative elementary area (REA) evaluations in clayey soil clods via CT indicated thatμesaverage values obtained forx > 4 cm and source241Am might induce to the use of samples which are not large enough for soil bulk density evaluations (ρs). As a consequence,ρsmight be under- or overestimated, generating inaccurate conclusions about the physical quality of the soil under study.

Theoretical Study of the Photon Interaction for Zirconium Alloy at 1 keV to 100 MeV

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 730-733
Author(s):  
Chumphon Khobkham ◽  
W. Chaiphaksa ◽  
P. Limkitjaroenporn ◽  
P. Prongsamrong ◽  
P. Wiwatkanjana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Zirconium Alloy ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Electron Densities ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Effective Atomic Numbers ◽  
Mass Attenuation

In this work, the total mass attenuation coefficient and partial interactions of the zirconium alloy have been calculated by WinXCom program at 1 keV-100 MeV gamma ray energies. Zr2(Fe,Ni) alloys was studied for the mass attenuation coefficients, photoelectric absorption, incoherent, coherent and pair production processes. The effective atomic numbers and electron densities were also calculated. The calculated results show that the total mass attenuation coefficient decreased with increasing of gamma rays energy. The value of total mass attenuation coefficient of each material was different, which depend on chemical compositions of alloy. The partials interactions, effective atomic numbers and electron densities were also calculated and discussed.

scholarly journals Estimation of the X/γ- ray shielding properties of different glass system using Monte Carlo Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122
Author(s):  
Ayano Shanko, MD, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Glass System ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Mass Attenuation

The aim of the research is to estimate the X-ray shielding properties of different glass systems using Monte Carlo Simulation. X-ray glass is also known as radiation shielding glass. Glass provides protection against the absorption of energy radiation. The shielding layer is formed by a high concentration of lead and barium. The mass attenuation coefficient, the effective atomic number and the effective electron density are used to determine the position of gamma-ray photons in matter. Shield characterization in terms of mass attenuation coefficient (μm), transmission fraction (T), effective atomic numbers (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL) and exposure build-up. factor (EBF) of a glass system is estimated by the Monte Carlo Simulation. The random sampling and statistical analysis are computed using the monte carlo simulation. Various external factors are considered as the input parameters. The different composition of the glass will be examined using the Monte Carlo simulation and the shielding capability would be determined for the various samples.

Measurement Mass Attenuation Coefficient of Palmitic Acid by Using Sources of Gamma Ray

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yahya Hadi ◽  
Ali Hussein F. Alnasraui ◽  
Ali Adil Turki Aldalawi
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radiation Force ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
Effective Atomic Numbers ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector ◽  
Mass Attenuation

The purpose of this paper is to determine the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), of a sample. In this work used (C16H32O2) fatty acid, exposed to gamma rays (γ), emitted from various sources 57Co, 133Ba, 22Na, 137Cs, 54Mn, and sCo with energies from 0.122 to 1.330 MeV. It exposes the compound to gamma rays and discloses the radiation force that passes through the sample, the rest of the gamma radiation attenuated. A NaI fluorescence detector (Tl) with an accuracy of 8.2% (at 662 kV) was used for the gamma ray detector beam. An advantage of using (μ/ρ) coefficient data can be obtained effective atomic numbers, atomic cross-section and effective electron densities.

Determination of Mass Attenuation Coefficient for some Technetium‐99m Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 393 (1) ◽  
pp. 2000095
Author(s):  
A. Manjunath ◽  
A. Ashwini ◽  
B. R. Kerur ◽  
G. M. Pushpanjali
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
Mass Attenuation

Role of the mass attenuation coefficient database in standardization of a silicon drift X-ray detector for PIXE analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. Flannigan ◽  
Christopher M. Heirwegh ◽  
John L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Attenuation

POTENTIAL OF RHIZOPHORA SPP PARTICLEBOARD TREATED WITH SOY FLOUR AS WATER EQUIVALENT MATERIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Ain Rabaiee ◽  
Mohd Zahri Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rukiah Hashim ◽  
Abdul Aziz Tajuddin ◽  
Muhammad Fadhirul Izwan Abdul Malik
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Equivalent Material ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Water Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mass Attenuation

Water is a recognized tissue equivalent material. Due to some reason, water is not a suitable material to use as the daily routine in Quality Assurance assessment. In this paper, Rhizophora spp was treated with soy flour were applied to fabricate solid water equivalent material. Nine samples of three different particle sizes of Rhizophora spp as well as their treatment level were prepared. An innovative approach, x-ray fluorescence was used to measure the unknown attenuation coefficient while field emission scanning electron microscopy was presented to evaluate the microscopy structure of desired samples. Effective energy range between 15.7 to 26.7 keV was used to measure the mass attenuation coefficient of the fabricated particleboard. All the results were compared with the water value in XCOM database. This study showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between mass attenuation coefficient of sample with the water value from XCOM. In addition, the morphology images were improved for post-treated compared to untreated Rhizophora spp particleboard. Based on these results, Rhizophora spp particleboard is amenable as an alternative window of purported water equivalent material.  

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