Dynamics of Aboveground Mass Hierarchy in Overcrowded Mangrove Kandelia Obovata Stands on Okinawa Island, Japan

Spartina alterniflora has extensively invaded the coastline of China, including in Maoyan Island of Zhejiang Province. Ecological restoration has been conducted using non-native mangrove Kandelia obovata to replace S. alterniflora in an attempt to restore the impacted intertidal zones. To illustrate the ecological effectiveness of the restoration projects, macrobenthos communities were studied among different habitats within the restored areas, including one non-restored S. alterniflora marsh (SA) and three differently-aged restored K. obovata stands planted in 2003, 2009, and 2011 respectively (KF14, KF8, and KF6). Besides, one unvegetated mudflat (MF) adjacent to the non-restored S. alterniflora marsh and one K. obovata forest transplanted in 2006 (RKF) at a previously barren mudflat without invasion history of S. alterniflora were set as reference sites. A total of 69 species of macrobenthos were collected from Maoyan Island, and the species richness was dominated by gastropoda (23 species), polychaeta (18 species), and malacostraca (16 species). There was no significant difference between the six sites in terms of the abundance of macrobenthos, with the average values of abundance peaking in KF6 (734.7 ind m−2) and being lowest in RKF (341.3 ind m−2). The six sites had significant differences in terms of the biomass of macrobenthos. The KF8 site contained the highest average biomass (168.3 g m−2), whereas the MF site had the lowest (54.3 g m−2). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index of the macrobenthos did not exhibit significant differences among the six sites. However, the results of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed significant spatial differences in the macrobenthos community structure between the sites. Since KF14 shared a similar macrobenthos community structure with RKF, while representing a strikingly different structure from SA, we infer that ecological restoration using K. obovata can restore the macrobenthos community to resemble to a normally planted K. obovata forest about 15 years after restoration.

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Supplementary descriptions of Pergalumna amamiensis Aoki, 1984 (Acariformes, Galumnoidea) from Ryukyu Islands

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4647.1.24 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4647 (1) ◽

pp. 378-384

Author(s):

WATARU HAGINO ◽

SATOSHI SHIMANO

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Granular Structure ◽

Surface Pattern ◽

Ryukyu Islands ◽

Body Width ◽

Okinawa Island ◽

Ishigaki Island ◽

Circular Surface ◽

Median Pore

A species of oribatid mites, Pergalumna amamiensis was collected from Amami-Ohshima Island, Ishigaki Island, and Okinawa Island, Southwestern Japan. The specimens were studied in detail, and supplementary descriptions are provided; these include features of the rostrum, the subcapitulum and the surface pattern of pteromorphs. The main morphological traits for this species are summarized as follows; body length 519–570 μm, body width 363–410 μm, rostral tip pointed, sensillus with a long stalk covered by minute barbs, porose areas Aa bulbous, porose areas A1, A2, and A3 circular, surface of pteromorphs ornamented by fine granular structure and dense wrinkles, fine granular structure on prodorsum, subcapitulum, genital plates and anal plates, median pore on the notogaster represented as single pore.

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Neutrino masses along with fermion mass hierarchy

Physical Review D ◽

10.1103/physrevd.85.013005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dilip Kumar Ghosh ◽

R. S. Hundi

Keyword(s):

Fermion Mass ◽

Neutrino Masses ◽

Mass Hierarchy

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A SOLUTION TO THE STRONG CP PROBLEM TRANSFORMING THE THETA ANGLE TO THE KM CP-VIOLATING PHASE

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x10051165 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (32) ◽

pp. 5897-5911 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

JOSÉ BORDES ◽

HONG-MO CHAN ◽

SHEUNG TSUN TSOU

Keyword(s):

Mass Matrix ◽

Fermion Mass ◽

Mass Hierarchy ◽

Order Unity ◽

Ckm Matrix ◽

Cp Violations ◽

Fermion Mass Matrix

It is shown that in the scheme with a rotating fermion mass matrix (i.e. one with a scale-dependent orientation in generation space) suggested earlier for explaining fermion mixing and mass hierarchy, the theta angle term in the QCD action of topological origin can be eliminated by chiral transformations, while giving still nonzero masses to all quarks. Instead, the effects of such transformations get transmitted by the rotation to the CKM matrix as the KM phase giving, for θ of order unity, a Jarlskog invariant typically of order 10-5, as experimentally observed. Strong and weak CP violations appear then as just two facets of the same phenomenon.

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