The modified Trait and State Food-Cravings Questionnaires: Development and validation of a general index of food craving

Appetite ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse M.T. Nijs ◽  
Ingmar H.A. Franken ◽  
Peter Muris
Keyword(s):  
Food Craving ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
State Food ◽  
General Index ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Do Overweight People Have Worse Cognitive Flexibility? Cues-Triggered Food Craving May Have a Greater Impact

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Shiqing Song ◽  
Qingqing Li ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Aidi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Overweight People

Background: Overweight people have been revealed to have poor cognitive flexibility. Cognitive flexibility reflects proactive and reactive control abilities. However, the impairment had not been explicitly positioned at the cognitive stage. Therefore, this study provides increased support for impairment of cognitive flexibility due to overweight. Method: The study included 34 overweight and 35 normal-weight participants. They were required to complete the food and flower target AX-continuous performance test (AX–CPT), including the resting-state fMRI and cue-triggered food craving subscales. We compared the performance difference between the two tasks. Furthermore, we investigated whether the cue-triggered food cravings and the corresponding brain regions mediated the effect of overweight on the two control mechanisms. Result: Significant differences were found only in the food target AX-CPT task, where overweight participants performed worse. Cue-triggered food cravings mediated this relationship. Additionally, we found that the brain regions associated with cue-triggered food cravings (bilateral SFG) can completely mediate the relationship between BMI and the z-value of the fat mass index and sensitivity to proactive control. Conclusion: In the food target task, overweight participants performed worse in both control mechanisms. Moreover, we also revealed the potential mechanism by which being overweight might affect the two control mechanisms through cue-triggered food cravings.

scholarly journals Eating Behaviours and Food Cravings; Influence of Age, Sex, BMI and FTO Genotype

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Abdella ◽  
Hameida El Farssi ◽  
David Broom ◽  
Dawn Hadden ◽  
Caroline Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Previous studies indicate that eating behaviours and food cravings are associated with increased BMI and obesity. However, the interaction between these behaviours and other variables such as age, sex, BMI and genetics is complex. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between eating behaviours and food cravings, and to examine the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genotype on these relationships. A total of 475 participants (252 female, 223 male, BMI: 25.82 ± 6.14 kg/m2, age: 30.65 ± 14.20 years) completed the revised 18-question version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) to assess cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating, and the Food Cravings Inventory (FCI) to assess cravings for fatty food, sweet food, carbohydrates and fast food. DNA samples were genotyped for the rs9939609 polymorphism in the obesity-linked gene FTO. Questionnaire data was analysed for associations between the TFEQ-R18 and FCI subscales for the whole study group, and the group divided by sex, genotype and age (≤25 years versus >25 years). Finally, mediation analysis was used to explore the relationships between BMI, cognitive restraint and food cravings. FTO AA + AT genotype was associated with increased BMI, but not with differences in eating behavior scores or food craving scores; age was associated with increased BMI and decreases in food craving scores in which this effect was stronger in women compared to men. Increased cognitive restraint was associated with decreased food craving scores in the ≤25 years group. Mediation analysis demonstrated that in this group the association between BMI and reduced food cravings was mediated by cognitive restraint indicating that in this age group individuals use cognitive restraint to control their food cravings. The positive correlation between age and BMI confirms previous results but the findings of this study show that age, sex, FTO genotype and BMI have an influence on the relationships between eating behaviours and food cravings and that these variables interact.

The development and validation of the food craving acceptance and action questionnaire (FAAQ)

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Juarascio ◽  
Evan Forman ◽  
C. Alix Timko ◽  
Meghan Butryn ◽  
Christina Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Food Craving ◽  
Acceptance And Action Questionnaire ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Caught in the struggle with food craving: Development and validation of a new cognitive fusion measure

Appetite ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Duarte ◽  
José Pinto-Gouveia ◽  
Cláudia Ferreira ◽  
Bárbara Silva
Keyword(s):  
Food Craving ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Asociación entre el “food craving” y los genes del gusto en personas con obesidad

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
María Delfina Marín-Soto ◽  
Angel Miliar-García ◽  
Modesto Gómez-López ◽  
Ilicia González-Mundo ◽  
Víctor Ricardo Aguilera-Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Food Craving ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Expresión Génica

El “food craving” (FC) es un deseo incontrolable por ingerir alimentos en específico, se activa durante la fase de abstinencia de alimentos azucarados, salados y grasos. Se ha encontrado que se relaciona con obesi-dad (OB) y con trastornos del comportamiento de la alimentación, además de ser un factor negativo para la adherencia al tratamiento de la OB. Los Food Cravings Questionnaires Trait (T-rasgo) y State (S-estado) son instrumentos validados, que miden rasgo-estado, son confiables, y con consistencia interna alta (ɑ>0,90). El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar diferencias entre sujetos normopeso (NP) y OB, en puntajes del FCQ Trait y State, y en la expre-sión génica de DRD2, TAS1R2, TAS1R3 y el TAS2R43. Se trató de un estudio correlacional, transversal de casos y controles, muestreo no probabilístico, y a conveniencia; con 20 sujetos NP y 20 sujetos OB, de ambos sexos entre 18-45 años, residentes de la Ciudad de México y del Estado de México. Se evaluaron el IMC, el FC y la expresión génica. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en expresión relativa del TAS1R2, y correlación positiva entre el FCQ y expresión del TAS1R2 en OB; también se encontró que el FCQ-T y FCQ-S pre-dicen la expresión génica de TAS1R2 y TAS2R43 en hombres, y en mujeres del TAS1R2, TAS2R43 y el DRD2. Esta investigación ayuda a comprender la asocia-ción del FC, con el receptor del gusto dulce (TAS1R2), evidenciando el enlace con componentes moleculares, y su posible relación con adicción a alimentos azucarados.

scholarly journals Differences in Food Craving in Individuals With Obesity With and Without Binge Eating Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Reents ◽  
Anya Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
High Trait

Overeating behavior is supposedly a major contributing factor to weight gain and obesity. Binge eating disorder (BED) with reoccurring episodes of excessive overeating is strongly associated with obesity. Learning models of overeating behavior and BED assume that mere confrontation with food leads to a conditioned response that is experienced as food craving. Accordingly, individuals with obesity and BED were shown to have high trait food cravings. To date, little is known about differences in state food cravings and cue reactivity at the sight of palatable food in individuals with obesity and BED compared to individuals with obesity without BED. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine differences in cue-induced, state and trait food cravings in people with obesity with and without BED. We found that all aspects of food cravings were more prevalent in individuals with obesity and BED than in individuals without BED. By implementing a food cue reactivity paradigm, our results show that individuals with obesity with BED have more cue-induced cravings than individuals with obesity without BED. Moreover, these cue-induced cravings in individuals with obesity and BED were highest for high-fat and high-sugar foods as opposed to low-calorie foods. Thus, our results emphasize the role of increased cue reactivity and craving at the sight of palatable foods in individuals with obesity and BED. Hence, our findings support etiological models of conditioned binge eating and are in line with interventions targeting cue reactivity in BED.

scholarly journals The psychology of food craving

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Dysphoric Mood

Cravings are hedonic responses to food, characterised by their intensity and their specificity. Food cravings are extremely common, reported by the majority of young adults. They are closely associated with liking but not synonymous with increased intake. Structured interviews and prospective incident accounts of food cravings have succeeded in revealing a richness of information about their character, their antecedents and their consequences. In addition, laboratory investigations are adding to what is being learned from field and clinical studies. Taking dieting as an example of an assumed influence on food craving, the outcomes of cross-sectional studies are mixed and unconvincing. Prospective and experimental research shows a clearer relationship. Dieting or restrained eating generally increase the likelihood of food craving while fasting makes craving, like hunger, diminish. Attempted restriction or deprivation of a particular food is associated with an increase in craving for the unavailable food. This relationship suggests a variety of underlying cognitive, conditioning and emotional processes, of which ironic cognitive processes, conditioned cue reactivity and dysphoric mood are prominent. Food cravings may also be self-attributions, accounting for why a highly-palatable but self-restricted food is (over-)consumed. Overall, the popularised account of cravings as elicited by specific nutritional need is having to give way to a more subtle and complex appreciation of human eating behaviour.

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