scholarly journals Differences in Food Craving in Individuals With Obesity With and Without Binge Eating Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Reents ◽  
Anya Pedersen

Overeating behavior is supposedly a major contributing factor to weight gain and obesity. Binge eating disorder (BED) with reoccurring episodes of excessive overeating is strongly associated with obesity. Learning models of overeating behavior and BED assume that mere confrontation with food leads to a conditioned response that is experienced as food craving. Accordingly, individuals with obesity and BED were shown to have high trait food cravings. To date, little is known about differences in state food cravings and cue reactivity at the sight of palatable food in individuals with obesity and BED compared to individuals with obesity without BED. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine differences in cue-induced, state and trait food cravings in people with obesity with and without BED. We found that all aspects of food cravings were more prevalent in individuals with obesity and BED than in individuals without BED. By implementing a food cue reactivity paradigm, our results show that individuals with obesity with BED have more cue-induced cravings than individuals with obesity without BED. Moreover, these cue-induced cravings in individuals with obesity and BED were highest for high-fat and high-sugar foods as opposed to low-calorie foods. Thus, our results emphasize the role of increased cue reactivity and craving at the sight of palatable foods in individuals with obesity and BED. Hence, our findings support etiological models of conditioned binge eating and are in line with interventions targeting cue reactivity in BED.

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Giuliano ◽  
Pietro Cottone

Binge eating disorder is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable consumption of palatable food within brief periods of time. Excessive intake of palatable food is thought to be driven by hedonic, rather than energy homeostatic, mechanisms. However, reward processing does not only comprise consummatory actions; a key component is represented by the anticipatory phase directed at procuring the reward. This phase is highly influenced by environmental food-associated stimuli, which can robustly enhance the desire to eat even in the absence of physiological needs. The opioid system (endogenous peptides and their receptors) has been strongly linked to the rewarding aspects of palatable food intake, and perhaps represents the key system involved in hedonic overeating. Here we review evidence suggesting that the opioid system can also be regarded as one of the systems that regulates the anticipatory incentive processes preceding binge eating hedonic episodes.


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Maxwell ◽  
Giorgio A. Tasca ◽  
Renee Grenon ◽  
Megan Faye ◽  
Kerri Ritchie ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1931-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Romano ◽  
Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura ◽  
Cristina Anna Gallelli ◽  
Justyna Barbara Koczwara ◽  
Dorien Smeets ◽  
...  

Abstract Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most frequent eating disorder, for which current pharmacotherapies show poor response rates and safety concerns, thus highlighting the need for novel treatment options. The lipid-derived messenger oleoylethanolamide (OEA) acts as a satiety signal inhibiting food intake through the involvement of central noradrenergic and oxytocinergic neurons. We investigated the anti-binge effects of OEA in a rat model of binge-like eating, in which, after cycles of intermittent food restrictions/refeeding and palatable food consumptions, female rats show a binge-like intake of palatable food, following a 15-min exposure to their sight and smell (“frustration stress”). Systemically administered OEA dose-dependently (2.5, 5, and 10 mg kg−1) prevented binge-like eating. This behavioral effect was associated with a decreased activation (measured by mapping the expression of c-fos, an early gene widely used as a marker of cellular activation) of brain areas responding to stress (such as the nucleus accumbens and amygdala) and to a stimulation of areas involved in the control of food intake, such as the VTA and the PVN. These effects were paralleled, also, to the modulation of monoamine transmission in key brain areas involved in both homeostatic and hedonic control of eating. In particular, a decreased dopaminergic response to stress was observed by measuring dopamine extracellular concentrations in microdialysates from the nucleus accumbens shell, whereas an increased serotonergic and noradrenergic tone was detected in tissue homogenates of selected brain areas. Finally, a decrease in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA levels was induced by OEA in the central amygdala, while an increase in oxytocin mRNA levels was induced in the PVN. The restoration of a normal oxytocin receptor density in the striatum paralleled the oxytocinergic stimulation produced by OEA. In conclusion, we provide evidence suggesting that OEA might represent a novel potential pharmacological target for the treatment of binge-like eating behavior.


Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Santos Ferreira ◽  
Christopher Hübel ◽  
Moritz Herle ◽  
Mohamed Abdulkadir ◽  
Ruth Loos ◽  
...  

Eating disorders are severe illnesses characterized by both psychiatric and metabolic factors. We explored the prospective role of metabolic risk in eating disorders in a UK cohort (n = 2929 participants), measuring 158 metabolic traits in non-fasting EDTA-plasma by nuclear magnetic resonance. We associated metabolic markers at 7 years (exposure) with risk for anorexia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (outcomes) at 14, 16, and 18 years using logistic regression adjusted for maternal education, child’s sex, age, body mass index, and calorie intake at 7 years. Elevated very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-B/A, and monounsaturated fatty acids ratio were associated with lower odds of anorexia nervosa at age 18, while elevated high-density lipoproteins, docosahexaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio, and fatty acid unsaturation were associated with higher risk for anorexia nervosa at 18 years. Elevated linoleic acid and n-6 fatty acid ratios were associated with lower odds of binge-eating disorder at 16 years, while elevated saturated fatty acid ratio was associated with higher odds of binge-eating disorder. Most associations had large confidence intervals and showed, for anorexia nervosa, different directions across time points. Overall, our results show some evidence for a role of metabolic factors in eating disorders development in adolescence.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Andrea Da Silva Freire ◽  
David Dos Santos ◽  
Ana Vaz ◽  
João Lucas Lima ◽  
Glaciane Axt ◽  
...  

El trastorno de compulsión alimentar periódico (TCAP) está vinculado a varios trastornos psiquiátricos, como los de ansiedad. Aproximadamente el 50-60% de los pacientes con TCAP son resistentes a los tratamientos tradicionales disponibles y, por lo tanto, se necesitan estrategias que apoyen el tratamiento de TCAP, como la actividad física (AF). La práctica de AF parece ser una estrategia interesante para reducir TCAP y síntomas de ansiedad. Por lo tanto, dado que la AF tiene un papel en la reducción de los episodios de TCAP y en la mejora de los síntomas de ansiedad, entonces se necesita más investigación para aclarar el rol moderador de la AF en la TCAP, ya que se establecen correlaciones entre ansiedad-TCAP y ansiedad-AF. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la asociación entre AF y ansiedad en pacientes con TCAP. Treinta y dos pacientes fueron sometidos a cuestionarios psicológicos y de AF. Se realizaron un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para relacionar el comportamiento del TCAP, la ansiedad y la AF. Los coeficientes de correlación entre las dimensiones del TCAP y ansiedad fueron casi todos significativos (excepto restricción), positivos y moderados (p <0.001). Por lo tanto, cuanto más altos sean los valores del TCAP, mayores serán los niveles de ansiedad (p <0.01). En conclusión, nuestros hallazgos respaldan que la PA se correlaciona con la ansiedad en pacientes con BED, lo que sugiere que la PA puede disminuir los síntomas, como las preocupaciones sobre el apetito, el peso y la forma del cuerpo. Binge-eating disorder (BED) is linked to several psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorders. Approximately 50-60% of BED patients are resistant to the traditional treatments available, and thus, strategies supporting the treatment of BED are needed, such as physical activity (PA). It seems to be an interesting strategy to reduce BED and anxiety symptoms. Thus, since PA has a role in reducing BED episodes and improving anxiety symptoms, then more research is needed to clarify the role of PA on BED, as correlations between anxiety-BED and anxiety-PA are established. Therefore, our aim is to examine the relationship between PA and anxiety in patients with BED. Thirty two patients we submitted to psychological and PA questionnaires. A Pearson's correlation coefficient and a multiple linear regression analysis were performed to relate eating disorder behaviour, anxiety and PA. The correlation coefficients between the dimensions of BED and anxiety were almost all significant (except restriction), positive and moderate (p<0.001). Thus, the higher the eating disorder values, the higher the anxiety levels (p<0.01). In conclusion, our findings support that PA correlates with anxiety in patients with BED, suggesting that PA may decrease symptoms, such as the appetite, weight and body shape concerns. O transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica (TCE) está ligado a vários transtornos psiquiátricos, como os transtornos de ansiedade. Aproximadamente 50-60% dos pacientes com TCAP são resistentes aos tratamentos tradicionais disponíveis e, portanto, são necessárias estratégias de apoio ao tratamento, como a atividade física (AF). Parece ser uma estratégia interessante para reduzir os sintomas da TCAP e da ansiedade. Assim, como a AF tem um papel na redução de episódios de TCAP e melhora dos sintomas de ansiedade, são necessárias mais pesquisas para esclarecer o papel da AF na TCAP, à medida que são estabelecidas correlações entre ansiedade-TCLE e ansiedade-PA. Portanto, nosso objetivo é examinar a relação entre AF e ansiedade em pacientes com TCAP. Trinta e dois pacientes foram submetidos a questionários psicológicos e de AF. Um coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e uma análise de regressão linear múltipla foram realizadas para relacionar comportamento de transtorno alimentar, ansiedade e AF. Os coeficientes de correlação entre as dimensões do TCAP e ansiedade foram quase todos significativos (exceto restrição), positivos e moderados (p <0,001). Assim, quanto maiores os valores do transtorno alimentar, maiores os níveis de ansiedade (p <0,01). Em conclusão, nossos achados sustentam que a AF se correlaciona com a ansiedade em pacientes com TCAP, sugerindo que a AF pode diminuir os sintomas, como preocupações com apetite, peso e forma corporal.


2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Laitano Dias de Castro ◽  
Jaqueline Driemeyer Correia Horvath ◽  
Natalia Luiza Kops ◽  
Rogério Friedman

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris M. Balodis ◽  
Carlos M. Grilo ◽  
Marc N. Potenza

Biobehavioral features associated with binge-eating disorder (BED) have been investigated; however, few systematic reviews to date have described neuroimaging findings from studies of BED. Emerging functional and structural studies support BED as having unique and overlapping neural features as compared with other disorders. Neuroimaging studies provide evidence linking heightened responses to palatable food cues with prefrontal areas, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), with specific relationships to hunger and reward-sensitivity measures. While few studies to date have investigated non-food-cue responses; these suggest a generalized hypofunctioning in frontostriatal areas during reward and inhibitory control processes. Early studies applying neuroimaging to treatment efforts suggest that targeting neural function underlying motivational processes may prove important in the treatment of BED.


Appetite ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 105890
Author(s):  
Katharina Naomi Eichin ◽  
Claudio Georgii ◽  
Ann-Kathrin Arend ◽  
Zoé van Dyck ◽  
Jens Blechert

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