Radiation doses from low energy X-ray beams measured with synthetic diamond compared with calculated values obtained from the PENELOPE Monte Carlo code

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 952-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Assiamah ◽  
T.L. Nam ◽  
R.J. Keddy
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Synthetic Diamond ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
X Ray

X-Ray Microanalysis Combined with Monte Carlo Simulation for the Analysis of Layered Thin Films: The Case of Carbon Contamination

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Armigliato ◽  
Rodolfo Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Scanning Transmission

AbstractA previously developed Monte Carlo code has been extended to the X-ray microanalysis in a (scanning) transmission electron microscope of plan sections, consisting of bilayers and triple layers. To test the validity of this method for quantification purposes, a commercially available NiOx (x ∼ 1) thin film, deposited on a carbon layer, has been chosen. The composition and thickness of the NiO film and the thickness of the C support layer are obtained by fitting to the three X-ray intensity ratios I(NiK)/I(OK), I(NiK)/I(CK), and I(OK)/I(CK). Moreover, it has been investigated to what extent the resulting film composition is affected by the presence of a contaminating carbon film at the sample surface. To this end, the sample has been analyzed both in the (recommended) “grid downward” geometry and in the upside/down (“grid upward”) situation. It is found that a carbon contaminating film of few tens of nanometers must be assumed in both cases, in addition to the C support film. Consequently, assuming the proper C/NiOx/C stack in the simulations, the Monte Carlo method yields the correct oxygen concentration and thickness of the NiOx film.

X-RAY COLLIMATOR DESIGN USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350054
Author(s):  
Eun Young Han ◽  
Richard Clarkson ◽  
Sunil Sharma ◽  
Peter M. Corry ◽  
Eduardo G. Moros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Aperture Size ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Collimation System ◽  
Acceptable Agreement ◽  
Ebt2 Film

The purpose of this study was to apply Monte Carlo (MC) based simulations to design a new collimation system to achieve a larger beam size (2 ± 0.1 cm) and tight penumbra (< 1 mm) with a kV X-ray small animal irradiator. The BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc MC-based programs were adapted to simulate the system. First the aperture of the primary collimator was expanded until the desired size of the beam was obtained. Subsequently, the beam was trimmed by reducing the aperture size of the secondary collimator in order to eliminate low energy scattered photons and sharpen the penumbra. Finally, the new collimator was constructed and the resultant dose distributions were evaluated with EBT2 film measurements. From the MC computed dose profiles, a 2.1 cm FWHM (1.9 cm width at 95% of the dose) and a sharp penumbra (< 1.0 mm) at 1.0 cm depth in water were obtained. Dose distribution comparisons between the EBT2 film measurements and the MC calculations showed acceptable agreement. MC-based calculation is an effective tool to expedite the creation of new collimator designs and avoid costly machining.

MONTE CARLO ESTIMATION OF RADIATION DOSES IN RED BONE MARROW AND BREAST IN COMMON PEDIATRIC X-RAY EXAMINATIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
George I. Gialousis ◽  
Emmanuel N. Yakoumakis ◽  
Anastasios I. Dimitriadis ◽  
Zografia K. Papouli ◽  
Nikolaos E. Yakoumakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Monte Carlo Estimation

scholarly journals Characterization of laser-driven electron and photon beams using the Monte Carlo code FLUKA

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fiorini ◽  
D. Neely ◽  
R.J. Clarke ◽  
S. Green
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Target Thickness ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Photon Beams ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Effects

AbstractWe present a new simulation method to predict the maximum possible yield of X-rays produced by electron beams accelerated by petawatt lasers irradiating thick solid targets. The novelty of the method lies in the simulation of the electron refiluxing inside the target implemented with the Monte Carlo code Fluka. The mechanism uses initial theoretical electron spectra, cold targets and refiluxing electrons forced to re-enter the target iteratively. Collective beam plasma effects are not implemented in the simulation. Considering the maximum X-ray yield obtained for a given target thickness and material, the relationship between the irradiated target mass thickness and the initial electron temperature is determined, as well as the effect of the refiluxing on X-ray yield. The presented study helps to understand which electron temperature should be produced in order to generate a particular X-ray beam. Several applications, including medical and security imaging, could benefit from laser generated X-ray beams, so an understanding of the material and the thickness maximizing the yields or producing particular spectral characteristics is necessary. On the other more immediate hand, if this study is experimentally reproduced at the beginning of an experiment in which there is an interest in laser-driven electron and/or photon beams, it can be used to check that the electron temperature is as expected according to the laser parameters.

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