Effects of the dominance hierarchy on social interactions, cortisol level, HPG-axis activities and reproductive success in the golden cuttlefish Sepia esculenta

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 736059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonghang Zhang ◽  
Qingqing Bai ◽  
Xiuwen Xu ◽  
Xiumei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Sepia Esculenta

Instability of Harems of Feral Horses in Relation To Season and Presence of Subordinate Stallions

Behaviour ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Franke Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

AbstractMale horses (Equus caballus) defend harems of females (bands) year-round and throughout their lifetimes. A male's lifetime reproductive success depends upon the number of females in his harem. Although harems have previously been reported as remaining stable over many years, during the two years of this study 30 % of the adult females in an island population of feral horses changed harems during late winter. The seasonal differences in harem stability resulted from seasonal differences in the abundance and distribution of food. The spacing between band members was greater and the frequency of social interactions between them was lower in winter than in summer. In addition, the amount of time devoted to grazing increased in winter. These differences are attributed to the lower availability of suitable vegetation duirng winter. Harem stability did not depend on the age of females, the size of the harem, nor the age of the harem stallion, but did depend on the presence of subordinate stallions attached to the band. All of the females that changed bands left single-male bands; multi-male bands were stable throughout the study.

Male Dominance and Reproductive Success in a Captive Group of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)

Behaviour ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 129 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Glenn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
Lower Ranking

AbstractPaternity exclusion analysis was employed to estimate the reproductive success (RS) of 32 males who experienced at least one breeding season over the age of four years between 1977 and 1991 in a captive group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Although three different males held alpha rank during the period, the male dominance hierarchy remained relatively stable even when the number of males was high. Average dominance rank and overall RS of males while in the group were strongly correlated. However, during most years the correlation between male dominance rank and RS was not statistically significant because males who achieved high rank 1)were those who experienced relatively high RS as lower ranking subadults and 2) maintained high dominance rank after experiencing a sustained decline in RS. Correlations between male dominance rank and RS were highest when the number of subadult males entering the dominance hierarchy was increasing and one or a very few males were least effective in monopolizing females. These results are not consistent with expectations based solely on the priority of access model of intrasexual selection. Female choice, as exemplified by the preference of females for mating with young males that are rising in rank, might also influence the evolution of social dominance in rhesus macaques.

Dominance relations and agonistic behaviour of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) during fall and spring migration

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon S Badzinski
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Cygnus Columbianus ◽  
Dominance Relations ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Simple Decision Rule

Social interactions and agonistic activities of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) were documented at Long Point, Ontario, to determine (i) dominance relations among social groups and (ii) the frequency and intensity of agonistic acts by swans. Families were involved in one-third as many interactions as were nonfamily groups. Nonfamily groups initiated interactions with other nonfamily groups more often than they did with family groups, but families initiated the same relative numbers of interactions with family and nonfamily groups. Further, families won nearly all conflicts with nonfamily groups, which suggests that they generally dominated nonfamily groups. Tundra Swans also showed a dominance hierarchy based largely on family or group size. To reduce conflict and energy expenditure, swans may use a simple "decision rule" during interactions: larger groups and initiators win. Two results supported this: (1) swans initiated interactions more often with smaller groups and (2) groups that initiated won interactions more often than did recipients. Swans used low-intensity agonistic acts more frequently than higher intensity ones when engaging members of other social groups, but intensity of aggression was independent of group status. Dominance based on the use of simple cues may be especially beneficial in unstable social environments at major staging areas.

scholarly journals Competition within species determines the value of a mutualism between species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuan-Jyun Sun ◽  
Nicholas P.C. Horrocks ◽  
Rebecca M. Kilner
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Scarce Resource ◽  
Burying Beetles ◽  
Nicrophorus Vespilloides

AbstractSocial interactions within species, and mutualisms between species are both well characterised, but their influence on each other is poorly understood. We determined how interactions among burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides influence the value of their interactions with the mite Poecilochirus carabi. Beetles transport these mites to carrion, upon which both species breed. We show that mites help beetles win intraspecific contests for this scarce resource: mites raise beetle body temperature, which enhances beetle competitive prowess. However, mites confer this benefit only upon smaller beetles, which are otherwise doomed by their size to lose contests for carrion. Larger beetles need no assistance to win a carcass and lose reproductive success when breeding alongside mites. We conclude that social interactions within species explain whether interactions with another species are mutualistic or parasitic.One Sentence SummarySocial interactions within species can explain whether interactions with a second species are mutualistic or parasitic.

Social interaction in males of the Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-341
Author(s):  
Adriana N. A. F. Ibrahim ◽  
Ilan Karplus ◽  
Wagner C. Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complex Population ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Macrobrachium Amazonicum ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract The large size variation of Macrobrachium amazonicum reflects a complex population structure that consists of four morphotypes, called TC (Translucent Claw), CC (Cinnamon Claw), GC1 (Green Claw 1), and GC2 (Green Claw 2). The effect of the largest morphotype (GC2) claws on development and behaviour of the smallest male morphotype (TC) was analysed through manipulations of the large prawn’s second pair of claws. TC males were paired for 75 days in aquaria with (a) an intact GC2, (b) a GC2 with immobilized dactyls, and (c) a GC2 without chelipeds. Isolated TC males served as a control. The maintenance activities of TC males and social interactions with the GC2 morphotype were monitored. Survival and growth of TC males was lower in relation to the control when they were paired with intact GC2 males. Aggressive interactions were carried out almost exclusively by GC2 and strongly affected the behaviour of the small prawns. The absence of chelipeds and immobilization of dactyls in GC2 prawns reduced the negative effect on the development of TC males and agonistic behaviour. The social interactions between GC2 and TC prawns reflect a stable dominance hierarchy. The large claw of the GC2 morphotype plays a major role in the social interaction.

Models of Social Behavior

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A.R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
General Model ◽  
Replicator Dynamics ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Public Goods Games

This chapter considers a simple and general model of natural selection: replicator dynamics. Many animal traits and behaviors are social, in that they affect the reproductive success not just of the animal performing the behavior, but also conspecifics. Mathematical theories based on classical natural selection, which acts on direct reproduction by individuals, are able to explain the evolution of traits that are for personal advantage. However, this leaves the problem of providing an evolutionary explanation of traits and social behaviors that appear to be personally costly to the bearer, in reproductive terms, while having effects on conspecifics such as increasing their direct reproduction. This chapter uses the replicator dynamics to illustrate the action of natural selection on social behavior, including nonadditive interactions. It considers the additive and nonadditive donation game, and other social interactions, along with public goods games, threshold public goods games, and interactions in structured populations.

Social interactions, cortisol and reproductive success of domestic goats (Capra hircus) subjected to different animal densities during pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 147 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Vas ◽  
Rachel Chojnacki ◽  
Marte Flor Kjøren ◽  
Charlotte Lyngwa ◽  
Inger Lise Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Capra Hircus

Social Organization of Young Children's Groups: A Comparison of Two Models of Dominance Relations

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Frankel ◽  
Tali Arbel
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Dominance Relations ◽  
Different Characteristics

The dominance hierarchy has provided a central construct for analyzing the organization of social interactions between young children. Hierarchies, though, constitute only one way of ordering dominance relations It is therefore possible that non-hierarchical orderings of dominance may suggest different characteristics of social organization. In the present study, dominance relations were evaluated with both hierarchical and non-hierarchical models. Across three groups of 2-yr.-olds, the hierarchical measure did not correlate with non-agonistic measures. The non-hierarchical measure of dominance relations, however, proved to be strongly correlated with the orderings for the non-agonistic behaviors. It was suggested that if dominance relations are used to evaluate social organization, the structural characteristics that may be attributed to a group of young children may depend upon the kind of measure that is used to analyze the dominance relations. Hierarchic and non-hierarchic measures of dominance relations may not imply identical properties of social organization.

scholarly journals Delayed song maturation and territorial aggression in a songbird

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Poesel ◽  
Douglas A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Song Type ◽  
Resource Holding Potential ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys ◽  
Song Repertoire ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
Sexual Traits

Asymmetries in competitive ability can determine the outcome of social interactions in animals and are often expressed through differences in sexual traits. Competitive ability (resource holding potential, RHP), trait expression and ultimately reproductive success may vary with an individual's age or experience. In some species, reproductively mature males delay acquisition of some adult traits and thereby signal their young age. Theory on animal contests predicts that individuals assess the RHP of an opponent relative to their own, such that escalation is more common between evenly matched opponents. Here, we test predictions from this hypothesis that males respond to a territorial intruder based on their RHP relative to the intruder's RHP. We simulated white-crowned sparrows ( Zonotrichia leucophrys ) intruding into the territory of a recruit or return. Playback of a song repertoire simulating a young male (recruit) elicited a weaker response from established territory holders (return), but a stronger response from recruits. Playback of a single song type simulating an older male elicited the opposite responses. This indicates that males distinguished between simulated young and old intruders based on song, and responded differently depending on their own experience. Our study highlights the possibility that receiver as well as sender traits should be considered when interpreting animal interactions.

scholarly journals Testing the myth: tolerant dogs and aggressive wolves

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1807) ◽  
pp. 20150220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Range ◽  
Caroline Ritter ◽  
Zsófia Virányi
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
High Ranking

Cooperation is thought to be highly dependent on tolerance. For example, it has been suggested that dog–human cooperation has been enabled by selecting dogs for increased tolerance and reduced aggression during the course of domestication (‘emotional reactivity hypothesis’). However, based on observations of social interactions among members of captive packs, a few dog–wolf comparisons found contradictory results. In this study, we compared intraspecies aggression and tolerance of dogs and wolves raised and kept under identical conditions by investigating their agonistic behaviours and cofeeding during pair-wise food competition tests, a situation that has been directly linked to cooperation. We found that in wolves, dominant and subordinate members of the dyads monopolized the food and showed agonistic behaviours to a similar extent, whereas in dogs these behaviours were privileges of the high-ranking individuals. The fact that subordinate dogs rarely challenged their higher-ranking partners suggests a steeper dominance hierarchy in dogs than in wolves. Finally, wolves as well as dogs showed only rare and weak aggression towards each other. Therefore, we suggest that wolves are sufficiently tolerant to enable wolf–wolf cooperation, which in turn might have been the basis for the evolution of dog–human cooperation (canine cooperation hypothesis).

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